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• Phlebotomy


  To cut into a vein
• Phlebotomy


  • Involves invasive procedures usually by cutting or puncture
  • Performed to obtain blood specimen for diagnostic testing
• Methods of obtaining blood specimen

  • Venipuncture (Venous Blood Collection)
  • Arterial Puncture (Arterial Blood Collection)
  • Capillary/Dermal Puncture (Capillary Blood Collection)
• Invasive procedure


  Cutting and introducing a foreign material (needle) to a person
• Two mortal sins in Medical Technology are: Misinformation of the patient and Mislabeling or Unlabeling of specimen
• Procedures that can be performed

  • Venipuncture
  • Capillary puncture
• Arterial puncture needs additional training
• Quasi-Medical Reason (1400 B.C.)


  You're sick kay mayda ka bad spirit. Myth or mystical. Uses leeches to remove the bad spirit.
• Leech Craft


  Using the leech to treat or cure a person
• Leeching Jar


  Recycled leeches that is used for other patients
• Methods of Bloodletting


  • Venesection (piercing the median cubital vein with a sharp object to drain blood)
  • Arteriotomy
  • Scarification with Cupping and Leeches
• Scarification


  Scraping the skin with a cube-shaped brass box containing multiple small knives that delivers a uniform set of parallel cuts
• Cupping


  Heated air inside the cups created a vacuum causing blood to flow into the cup
• Leeching or Hirudo Therapy


  • Use of medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, which can ingest about 5 to 10 ml of blood
  • Leech injects local vasodilator, local anesthetic and Hirudin, an anticoagulant
• Purposes of Phlebotomy


  • Obtaining blood for diagnostic purposes
  • Remove blood for transfusion at donation centers
  • Remove blood for therapeutic purposes
• Phlebotomist


  Any individual who has been trained in various techniques used to obtain blood for laboratory testing and blood donations
• Requirements to practice Phlebotomy in the Philippines

  • Registered Medical Technologist
  • Registered Medical Laboratory Technician
  • Graduate of Medical Technology or Medical Laboratory Science
  • Graduate of other health profession and has undergone intensive training for phlebotomy (including blood bank phlebotomy)
• Requirements to practice Phlebotomy in other countries (US and Europe)

  • Certification (voluntary process by which agency grants recognition to an individual who has met certain prerequisites in a particular technical area)
  • Licensure (act of getting an official document or permit granted by a state agency that gives legal permission for a person to work in a particular health profession)
  • Continuing Education (update of knowledge or skills of healthcare professionals)
• A medical lab assistant is different to a phlebotomist
• Phlebotomy Certification Agencies and Titles


  • American Medical Technologists - Registered Phlebotomy Technician (RPT (AMT))
  • America Certification Agency - Certified Phlebotomy Technician (CPT (ACA))
  • American Society for Clinical pathology - Phlebotomy Technician (PBT (ASCP))
  • National Center for Competency Testing - National Certified Phlebotomy (NCPT (NCCT))
  • National Healthcareer Association - Certified Phlebotomy Technician (CPT (NHA))
• Traditional Duties and Responsibilities of a Phlebotomist

  • Demonstrate professionalism by their conduct, appearance, composure and communication skills
  • Know facility's policies and procedure
  • Properly identify patients
  • Collect both venous and capillary blood specimens
  • Select the appropriate and accurate specimen container for specified tests
  • Properly label, handle and transport specimens following its policies
  • Sort specimens received and process specimen for delivery to each laboratory sections
  • Perform computer operations and/or update log sheets where require
  • Perform basic laboratory procedures including preparation of reagents, care and maintenance of glassware and preparation of laboratory specimen for testing
  • Observe all safety regulations and always practice confidentiality
  • Attendance in a Continuing Professional Education
• Additional Duties and Responsibilities of a Phlebotomist

  • Training of other HCP to perform phlebotomy
  • Monitoring the quality of samples collected on the units
  • Evaluation of protocols associated with specimen collection
  • Performing and monitoring of Point of Care Testing
  • Performing Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Performing of measuring patient's vital sign
  • Collection of arterial blood sample
  • Collection of samples from central venous access devise
  • Performing therapeutic phlebotomy
• Professional Traits of a Phlebotomist

  • Accurate and Precise
  • Good Communication Skills
  • Organized, Responsible, and Flexible
  • Integrity, Honesty, and Competence
  • Professional Appearance
  • Compassionate, Courteous, and Respectful
  • Self-Motivated
  • Dependable, Cooperative, and Committed
• Communication


  The process by which information is EXCHANGED or transmitted
• Components of Communication


  • Verbal Communication
  • Active Listening
  • Non-Verbal Communication
• Verbal Skills


  Introduction to patients, explaining the procedure, reassure the patient and assure the patient that procedure is accurately done
• Barriers of Verbal Communication

  • Hearing impairment
  • Patient emotions
  • Age and education levels
  • Non-English Speaking
  • PWDs
• Listening Skills


  • Looking at the patient directly
  • Encouraging the patient to express feelings anxieties and concerns
  • Allowing the patient to describe his/her concerns
  • Providing prompt feedback to the patient
  • Encouraging patient communication by asking
• Non-Verbal Communication


  • Kinesics (characteristics of body motion and language such as facial expression, gestures, and eye contact)
  • Proxemics (the study of an individual's concept of space which plays major role in patient relations)
  • Appearance (should communicate cleanliness, confidence and a trustworthy professional)
  • Touch (because medicine is a contact profession, touching privileges are granted to and expected of healthcare workers under certain circumstances)
• Positive Gestures


  • Body language
  • Good body posture
  • Eye contact
  • Neat, well-groomed appearance
  • Respecting personal space
  • Cultural Diversity
• Negative Gestures


  • Dropping shoulder with head held low
  • Looking down or away from the patient
  • Dingy, wrinkled lab coat; too much jewelry
  • Immediately approaching patient's space before greeting and explaining procedure
• Different Kinds of Patients

  • The excessively quiet
  • The hostile
  • The confused or disoriented
  • The full of question
  • The demanding
  • The over-friendly or seductive
  • The opinionated
  • The confident
  • The scared and in pain
  • The grieving
  • The frustrated
• Goal of Communication and Customer Service

  Ensure that the patient was able to FULLY COMPREHEND the process of the procedure to be performed this also includes ASSURANCE of patient comfort and other important instructions
• Elements of Communication in Health Care

  • Empathy (identifying with the feelings or thoughts of another person)
  • Control (in control of individual's self well-being; recognizing the fear of patients)
  • Respect & Confirmation (demonstration of positive feeling; honoring the uniqueness of a person)
  • Trust (unquestioning belief by the patient that health professionals are performing responsibilities)
• How to Achieve Communication Elements in Phlebotomy

  • Give recognition (always greet your patients; give complements)
  • Share information (explain the procedure)
  • Listen do not just hear them (listen to their requests)
  • Demonstrate empathy, understanding and patience (give considerations)
  • Perform with comfort (do the procedure with ease)
  • Express gratitude (always thank the patient after the procedure)
• Telephone communication is a fundamental part of communication in the hospital setting
• Elements of communication in healthcare

  • Empathy: identifying with the feelings or thoughts of another person
  • Control: in control of individual's self well-being; recognizing the fear of patients
  • Respect & Confirmation: demonstration of positive feeling; honoring the uniqueness of a person
  • Trust: unquestioning belief by the patient that health professionals are performing responsibilities

  
• How to achieve communication elements in phlebotomy

  1. Give recognition: always greet your patients; give complements

  2. Share information: explain the procedure

  3. Listen do not just hear them: listen to their requests

  4. Demonstrate empathy, understanding and patience: give considerations

  5. Perform with comfort: do the procedure with ease

  6. Express gratitude: always thank the patient after the procedure
• Proper telephone etiquette


  • Answer promptly
  • Introduce yourself
  • Be helpful
  • Prioritize calls
  • Transfer and put on-hold properly
  • Be prepared to record information
  • Know the laboratory policies
  • Defuse hostile situation
  • Try to assist everyone
• Philippine Health Care Facilities Administrative Order No 147 S 2004: Revised Rules and Regulation Governing The Registration, Licensure and Operation of Hospitals and Other Health Facilities in the Philippines