gself midterms

• Self


  The "knower" and the "known" - partly object and partly subject
• Me-self


  The empirical self, the object of a thought
• Dimensions of Me-self


  • Material Self
  • Social Self
  • Spiritual Self
• 1. self


  The "pure ego" - provides the thread of continuity between our past, present, and future selves
• Dimensions of I-self


  • Individual Self
  • Relational Self
  • Collective Self
• Karen Horney: '"To search for truth about the self is as valuable as to search for truth in other areas of life"'
• Basic hostility

  Anger/aggression towards parents due to their inability, unwillingness or indifference to provide safety and security
• Basic anxiety


  Feeling of inadequacy and helplessness in a perceived hostile world
• Idealized Self


  An overly positive, and perfect image of the self
• Actualized Self


  The person one is in everyday life, the person one actually is regardless of other people's perceptions
• Despised Self


  Negative view of the self based on the lack of love and acceptance by others
• Real Self


  Revealed only as a person begins to shed the various techniques developed to deal with basic anxiety, the inner core of personality, one's potential
• Formative Tendency


  The ability to grow from simple to complex organisms
• Actualizing Tendency


  The ability to reach one's fullest potential
• Real Self (Self-concept)


  Refers to the aspects of one's being and experiences that are perceived in awareness
• Ideal Self


  Who you want to become in the future
• Requirements for the Ideal Self and Real Self to overlap

  • Congruence/Genuineness
  • Empathy
  • Unconditional Positive Regard
• Proactive


  Acting in advance of a future situation, rather than just reacting
• Agentic


  Self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective and self-regulating as times change
• Core Features of Human Agency

  • Intentionality
  • Forethought
  • Self-reactiveness
  • Self-reflectiveness
• Self-efficacy


  Feelings of adequacy, efficiency and competence in coping with life
• Sources of Self-efficacy


  • Performance Attainment
  • Vicarious Experience
  • Verbal Persuasions
  • Physiological and Emotional Arousal
• Body Image is an individual's mental representation of their own body
• Internal/Personal Body Image


  Person's perception of the level of attractiveness of his own body
• External/Social Body Image


  Sense of how other people view our bodies
• Body Image Dissatisfaction


  Occurs when there is a discrepancy between actual and ideal body image
• Types of Beauty


  • External Beauty
  • Inner Beauty
• Averageness, rather than distinctiveness, was correlated with facial attractiveness
• Body image


  An individual's perception of the level of attractiveness of their own body
• Body image dissatisfaction


  Occurs when there is a discrepancy between actual (what you really look like) and ideal body image (what you want to look like)
• Types of beauty


  • External beauty (physical characteristics)
  • Inner beauty (inner qualities)
• Averageness, rather than distinctiveness, was correlated with facial attractiveness according to a study by Gillian Rhodes (2006)
• The more common the facial features of a person, the more attractive that person is to others
• Aesthetic capital


  The privileges and wealth people receive from aesthetic traits such as their face, hair, body, clothes, grooming habits, and other markers of beauty
• Aesthetic traits impact our lives in matters of modest importance (e.g., friend selection) and matters of great importance (e.g., career mobility)
• Ways people seek to conform to cultural standards of beauty

  • Body adornment (temporarily enhancing the body)
  • Body modification (temporary or permanent physical alteration of the body)
• Culture of physical improvement


  The belief that all bodily processes should be under our control, and that we should be ashamed of body parts that refuse to comply with the cultural ideal
• Body shame is a culturally conditioned response to a commercially fabricated fantasy of physical perfection, not a natural response to being fat, physically impaired, chronically sick, or old
• Factors that determine whether a person feels ashamed of their body

  • Popular or 'pop' culture
  • Media
  • Hyper-mediated society
• Self-esteem


  A person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value