compub lec

• Health


  A person's physical, mental, and spiritual state; it can be positive (as being in good health) or negative (as being in poor health)
• Optimal health


  A dynamic balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health
• Health


  A holistic state of wellbeing, which includes soundness of mind, body, and spirit
• Person's health


  • Physical and psychological capacity to establish and maintain balance
  • Successful defense of the host against forces that disturb body equilibrium
• Aspects of health


  • Physical health
  • Mental health
  • Social health
  • Disease
• Physical health


  Condition that enables a person to maintain a strong healthy body
• Mental health


  How a person feels, thinks of himself, controls his emotions and adjusts to the environment
• Social health


  How a person feels, thinks and acts towards everybody around him
• Disease


  • Failure of the body's defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium
  • Any condition in which the normal structure or functions of the body are damaged or impaired
• Stages of disease


  • Pre-disease stage
  • Latent
  • Symptomatic
  • Incubation
  • Prodromal
  • Illness
  • Decline
  • Convalescence Period
• Incubation period


  Occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). It is during this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles (cells or viruses) present to cause signs and symptoms of disease.
• Prodromal period


  Occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation.
• Illness period


  Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious, specific and severe.
• Decline period


  Period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline.
• Convalescence period


  The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.
• Risk factors for disease

  • Biologic
  • Behavioral
  • Environmental
  • Immunologic
  • Nutritional
  • Genetic
  • Demographic, Services, Social, and Spiritual
• Biologic risk factors


  Those relating to an individual's body or biology. They may be influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and other broad factors.
• Biologic risk factors


  • being overweight or obese
  • high blood pressure
  • high blood cholesterol
  • high blood sugar (glucose)
• Behavioral risk factors


  Usually relate to 'actions' that the individual has chosen to take. They can therefore be eliminated or reduced through lifestyle or behavioral choices.
• Behavioral risk factors


  • smoking tobacco
  • drinking too much alcohol
  • poor diet and nutrition
  • physical inactivity
  • spending too much time in the sun
  • not having certain vaccinations
  • unsafe sex
• Environmental risk factors


  Cover a wide range of topics such as social, economic, cultural and political factors as well as physical, chemical and biological factors.
• In some cases, environmental influences increase risk of exposure to an infectious agent.
• Environmental factors promoting vulnerability can also lead to an increase in susceptibility to infection by inducing physiological changes in an individual.
• Immunologic risk factors


  Determine individual susceptibility to infection and disease.
• Nutritional risk factors


  Susceptibility is affected by nutritional status.
• Genetic risk factors


  Based on an individual's genes.
• Demographic, Services, Social, and Spiritual risk factors

  Susceptibility is also affected by extremes of age, stress, pregnancy, and underlying diseases.
• Determinants of health


  • Income and Social Status
  • Education
  • Physical environment
  • Employment and Working conditions
  • Social Support Networks
  • Culture
  • Genetics
  • Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
  • Health Services
  • Gender
• Health education


  Any combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable, and reinforce voluntary behavior conducive to health in individuals, groups, or communities.
• Goal of health education

  To understand health behavior and to translate knowledge into relevant interventions and strategies for health enhancement, disease prevention, and chronic illness management.
• Health education should be viewed within the changing context of health and disease; within the changing health picture where lifestyles play an important role and within the accepted definition of health.
• Health education is an integral part of the nurse's role in the community for promoting health, preventing disease, and maintaining optimal wellness.
• Health education


  Aims to enhance wellness and decrease disability; attempts to actualize the health potential of individuals, families, communities, and society; and it includes a broad and varied set of strategies aimed at influencing individuals within their social environment for improved health and well-being.
• Health literacy


  Capacity of an individual to obtain, interpret, and understand basic health information and services and the competence to use such information and services in ways that are health enhancing.
• Health teaching


  Communicating facts, ideas, and skill that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities.
• The most important goal of health teaching in community-based care is to assist the client and family in achieving independence through self-care.
• Good teaching improves client and family satisfaction and confidence about discharge and follow-up care.
• Quality health education provides continuity between settings of care.
• Teaching begins at whatever point the client enters the system.
• Learning domains


  • Cognitive
  • Affective