Animal Health Program

• Refers to the physiological well being of an animal

  Animal Health
• Defined as an illness or a malady or an impairment of normal body health

  Disease
• Factors affecting animal health:

  1. Virus
  2. Bacteria
  3. Fungi
  4. Protozoans
  5. Internal and external parasite
• Non-infectious diseases:

  1. Genetic defects
  2. Nutritional deficiencies
  3. Metabolic disorders
  4. Toxicities or poisoning
• An abnormal deviation from the healthy state of the animal

  Disease
• Refers to the objective manifestation of the disease.

  (Clinical) Signs
• Subjective manifestation of disease by the animal

  Symptoms
• A name given to a disease so that each doctor means the same syndrome as every other veterinarian.

  Diagnosis
• A forecast of the progress of the disease affecting the animal

  Prognosis
• The animal that harbors the parasite

  Host
• It is where the parasite will exert its harmful effects and may also undergoes reproduction

  Final host
• An animal that temporarily harbors the immature stage of the parasite

  Intermediate host
• An organism that lives on or in another organism and usually causes harm to the latter

  Parasite
• Expressed as the percentage of animals which are clinically affected compared to total number of animals to the same risk

  Morbidity rate
• The percentage of the affected animals that die

  Mortality rate / fatality rate
• 7 normal behaviours:

  1. Interest in surroundings
  2. Willingness to move around
  3. Exploring, rooting, & chewing behaviors
  4. Tail wagging
  5. Reaction to handling
  6. Vocalization when presented with feed and willingness to eat
  7. Understand normal behavior prior to potentially painful procedures
• 9 signs of healthy livestock

  1. Contentment
  2. Alertness
  3. Chewing of cud
  4. Sleek coat
  5. Bright eyes and pink eye membrane
  6. Normal feces and urine
  7. Normal temperature
  8. Normal pulse rate
  9. Normal respiration
• 7 signs of unhealthy livestock:

  1. Loss of appetite
  2. Rough hair coat
  3. Abnormal feces
  4. Dull eyes
  5. High temperature
  6. Discolored urine
  7. Ruminants not chewing their cud
• Signs of pain and distress

  • Lethargy, restlessness
  • Lack of appetite
  • Increased vocalization
  • Increased aggression
  • Guarded posture
  • Self mutation
  • Intense rubbing or scratching of skin
  • Increased or shallow breathing
  • Abnormal appearance or behavior
• Affects a particular community or region

  Epidemic
• Widespread affecting the whole world continent/world country

  Pandemic
• Peculiar to a certain region or people, disease that occur more or less constantly in any particular locality

  Endemic
• Pertaining to a disease afflicting animals in a limited district

  Enzootic disease
• Disease recourse, the animal dies without apparent symptoms

  Peracute
• There is sudden onset of severe symptoms and is usually fatal to the animal

  Acute
• Between chronic and acute

  Subacute
• The animal suffers from the disease for a long period of time

  Chronic
• Capable of being transmitted from one animal to another and is caused by living, harmful microorganisms

  Infectious disease
• Caused by mechanical forces

  Ex: push

  Mechanical disease
• Due to physical forces, earth, wind, fire, flood, extreme temperatures, environmental conditions

  Physical disease
• May be due to various factors  affecting the gestation period of the dam.

  Congenital disease
• These diseases already affect the individual animal even before death

  Congenital disease
• This is due to chemical substances ingested by the animal or toxins from harmful organisms.

  Ex: bee sting and venom

  Poisoning
• This is due to the effect of genes of the animals

  Genetic diseases
• A deficiency or insufficiency of hormones produced by the body

  Hormonal imbalance
• The deficiency of food nutrients may result to abnormalities or malfunction of the body parts

  Malnutrition / nutritional / Deficiency
• Disease which can be transmitted from animals to man and vice versa.

  Ex: rabies, anthrax, lyme disease, etc.

  Zoonotic disease
• 10 zoonotic diseases:

  1. Rabies
  2. Q fever - birthing fluids
  3. Anthrax
  4. Brucellosis - birthing fluids
  5. Tuberculosis
  6. Sore Mouth
  7. Leptospirosis
  8. E. Coli
  9. Salmonella
  10. Avian influenza
• • Application of proper breeding principles and the different proper management practices.
  • Providing adequate and appropriate housing, equipment, and other farm facilities.
  • Proper nutrition

  Husbandry aspect
• • Minimize contact between disease agents and the animal
  • Minimize undesirable effects of diseases (Surgery, chemotherapy, parasite control)
  • Augment natural body protective mechanism or body resistance against diseases (Vaccination, supportive therapy, and preventive medication)

  Veterinary aspect