Chapter 1.2

• Bottom-Up - uses the organization's operational level as the base for the system
• Bottom-Up - begins with the operational level as the core of the organization
• Top-Down - utilizes the organization's management level as the system base
• Top-Down - management defines requirements and system goals
• Integrated Approach - combines Bottom-Up and Top-Down methods for maximum benefit
• Integrated Approach - Top-Down method used for initial planning and Bottom-Up approach employed for subsystem planning, ensuring proper alignment with operational level requirements.
• Structured Analysis - involves techniques and graphical tools for creating user-understandable system specifications
• Object-Oriented (O-O) Analysis - combines data and processes into objects
• Object-Oriented Analysis - uses object models to represent data, behavior, and interactions among objects
• Object-Oriented Analysis - describing objects and methods supports business operations and enables the design of reusable components for faster implementation and reduced development costs
• Structured Analysis - involves techniques and graphical tools for creating user-understandable system specifications
• JAD - structured approach to requirements determination and design reviews
• JAD - team-based fact-finding involving users, managers, and analysts
• RAD - designed to significantly reduce the time for system design and

  implementation
• RAD - relies heavily on extensive user involvement