Structures and Layers of the Heart

• Orientation of the heart Shifted 2/3 to the left of mid sternal line
• Orientation of the APEX of the heart Anterior Left, Inferior (ALI)
• Vertebral column of the heart T5-T8
• Organ that is lateral to heart Lungs
• Layers of the heart endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
• Layer of the heart that acts as a barrier between blood and tissue Endocardium
• Endothelium has what kind of connective tissue? Simple Equamous Epithelial Tissue
• 2 Layers of the Pericardium Fibrous Pericardium and Serous Pericardium
• Function of Fibrous Pericardium prevents the heart from overstreching anchors the heart in mediastinum
• Adheres tightly in the heart Epicardium
• 2 Layers of Serous Pericardium Visceral and Parietal SP
• Pericardial fluid decreases friction in the heart, and is located in Pericardial cavity
• The normal pumped blood in the heart is 50ml, if it exceeded, it can lead to cardiac tamponade
• Cardiac tamponade is a disorder of the heart that cause the build up of too much fluid Cardiology::Diseases
• Surfaces of the heart Anterior, Posterior, Inferior
• Anterior surface of the heart is also known as sternocostal surface AnRAVE (Anterior, Right Atrium & Ventricle)
• Posterior surface of the heart is also known as Base surface PoRALA (Posterior Right Atrium Left Atrium)
• Inferior surface is also known as Diaphragmatic surface InREVLEV (Inferior, Right Vent, Left Vent.)
• AKA Receiving Chambers Atria
• AKA Pumping chambers Ventricles
• Anterior wall of Atrias are rough due to the presence of pectinate muscle
• A thin wall of tissue that separates the two upper chambers of the heart interatrial septum
• Oval depression in the heart Fossa Ovalis
• Opening of the interatrial septum of a fetal heart that normally closes 6 mos after birth Foramen Ovale
• failure of the foramen ovale to close will lead to Patent foramen ovale (PFO) Cardiology::Diseases
• Ridges of the cardiac muscle fiber trabeculae carneae
• coned shape structure of the trabeculae carneae ehere the chordae tendinae are attached papillary muscles
• interventricular septum is the muscular wall that separates the left and right ventricles
• Orientation of the BASE portion of the heart Posterior, Superior, Right
• AKA Inlet Valves Atrioventricular (AV) Valves Cardiology::Valve
• Right Inlet Valve Tricuspid Valve Cardiology::Valve
• Left inlet valve Mitral/Bicuspid Valve Cardiology::Valve
• AKA Outlet Valve Semilunar (SL) Valve Cardiology::Valve
• Right SL valve Pulmonic Valve Cardiology::Valve
• Left SL Valve Aortic Valve Cardiology::Valve
• Tricuspid valve allows the blood to flow from Right atrium to Right ventricle Cardiology::Valve
• Bicuspid valve allows the blood to flow from Left atrium to Left ventricle Cardiology::Valve
• In Pulmonic Valve, the blood flow from Right ventricle to Pulmonary artery Cardiology::Valve
• In aortic valve, the blood flows from left ventricle to aorta Cardiology::Valve
• What are the Rudimentary valves? Eustachian & Thebesian valve Cardiology::Valve