ROMANTIC PERIOD MUSIC 9

• A capella


  one or more singers
• Cantabile


  in a singing style
• Capo


  Head, the beginning
• Coda


  Closing section
• Falsetto


  weaker and more airy voice
• Glissando


  sliding quickly
• Passagio


  register transitions
• Rubato


  slight speeding up or slowing down
• Tessitura


  most comfortable singing range
• Vibrato


  rapidly repeated slight pitch
• Vocal Techniques


  • Sound - the quality of sound
  • Bel Canto technique - means beautiful singing
  • Language - Opera singers often sing in Italian, French, German or Russian
• Fundamentals of Singing


  • Controlling tone quality
  • Breathing - natural biological function
  • Posture - proper posture
  • Vocal Range - well develop good vocal habits
  • Endurance - practice long hours
• Romantic composers of vocal music
• Libretto


  Text of an opera
• Score


  Book that composers and librettist put together
• Recitative


  Declamatory ringing
• Aria


  Air or solo singing
• Duet, trio, and other small ensemble


  Components of an opera
• Scene


  Components of an opera
• Acts


  Main divisions of an opera
• Chorus


  Components of an opera
• Orchestra


  Components of an opera
• Franz Peter Schubert


  January 31, 1797
• Giuseppe Verdi


  October 9, 1813
• Giacomo Puccini


  December 22, 1858
• Richard Wagner


  May 22, 1813
• Georges Bizet


  October 25, 1838
• Himmelpfort, Austria
• Parma, Italy
• Lucca, Italy
• Leipzig, Germany
• Paris, France
• Composers


  • Franz Schubert
  • Giuseppe Verdi
  • Giacomo Puccini
  • Richard Wagner
  • Georges Bizet
• Compositions by Franz Schubert

  • Gretchen am Spinnrade
  • Erlkonig
  • Ellens Gesang 111 (Ave Maria)
  • Schwanenge sang (swan song)
• Richard Wagner's operas

  • Tristan and Isolde
  • Die Walkure
  • Die Meistersinger
  • Tannhauser
  • Parsifal
• Georges Bizet's operas


  • Carmen