D3 and D4

• Ways to reduce efficiency at home

  - Replace incandescent bulbs for LED

  - Use high efficiency appliances

  - Turn off lights and open curtains when possible

  - Wash clothes on cold and only run full loads
• Efficiency formula


  %Efficiency=Energy Useful/Energy Total (%100)
• Efficiency


  The measure of how much useful energy is being used by a device, heat is usually wasted
• Power


  The amount of energy over an amount of time
• Power formulas


  P=E/T P=IV
• Renewable energy sources


  Can be replenished in a sustainable manner
• Solar energy


  Solar to electric

  Pros:

  - Renewable, Environmentally friendly

  Cons:

  - Intermittent, High initial costs

  Renewable
• Wind energy


  Wind to turbine to generator to kinetic to kinetic to electric

  Pros:

  Renewable and abundant, low operational costs

  Cons:

  Variable and unpredictable, Impact on wildlife and aesthetics

  Renewable
• Hydro electricity


  Gravitational P.E. to Kinetic energy to Kinetic energy to Electrical energy

  Pros:

  Renewable and reliable, low operating costs

  Cons:

  Environmental and social impact, high initial investment

  Renewable
• Biomass/Bio fuel


  Chemical potential energy to Thermal to Kinetic energy

  Pros:

  Renewable, carbon neutral

  Cons:

  Competition with food production, environmental impact

  Renewable
• Geothermal electricity


  Thermal to Kinetic to Electric

  Pros:

  Reliable and constant, environmentally friendly

  Cons:

  Geographical limitations, high initial costs

  Renewable
• Nuclear energy


  Nuclear potential to Kinetic to Kinetic to Electrical energy

  Pros:

  High energy potential, low environmental impact

  Cons:

  Technological difficulties, high costs

  Renewable
• Tidal electricity


  Gravitational potential to Kinetic to Electrical energy

  Pros:

  Renewable and predictable, environmentally friendly

  Cons:

  Geographical limitations, high initial costs

  Renewable
• Coal


  Chemical potential to Thermal to Kinetic to Kinetic to Electrical

  Pros:

  Abundant supply, inexpensive

  Cons:

  Environmental impact, health risks

  Non-Renewable
• Oil


  Chemical potential to Thermal to Kinetic to Kinetic to Electrical

  Pros:

  High energy density, versatile use

  Cons:

  Environmental pollution, contributes to climate change

  Non-Renewable
• Gas


  Chemical potential to Thermal to Kinetic to Kinetic to Electrical

  Pros:

  Clearer burning

  Cons:

  Methane emissions, contributes to climate change

  Non-renewable
• Examples of electrical technologies used in daily life.

  - TV

  - Internet

  - Washing machine
• Why is energy conservation important for sustainability?

  Many of our main sources of energy are non-renewable (fossil fuels). The proven reserves will run out in 40 - 80 years, which will affect our lifestyle immensely. They also release gasses into the atmosphere which will affect our climate.
• Describe the role of solar energy in reducing dependence on fossil fuels

  By making solar energy more accessible, Alberta's energy grid would not have to entirely depend on fossil fuels. This means the fossil fuels could be used at a slower pace making them last for a longer time.
• Non renewable energy sources


  Once used up, cannot be replaced
• Sustainability


  Able to maintain at a certain rate or level
• Four main types of energy

  Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, Electrical
• How is electrical energy transformed into mechanical energy

  A motor.
• How is thermal energy transformed into electrical energy

  A thermoelectric generator