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• GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI in agar plates shows how many milimeters?

  4-8 mm
• Bacitracin/ Taxo A Disk Test SUSCETIBLE means?

  Micrococcus
• Bacitracin/ Taxo A Disk Test RESISTANT means?

  S. aureus
• Furazolidone Susceptibility Test RESISTANT means?

  Micrococcus
• Furazolidone Susceptibility Test SUSCEPTIBLE means?

  S. aureus
• Growth on Furoxone-Tween 80-oil red O agar (POSITIVE) means?

  Micrococci - siya rin yung resistant sa Furazolidone, so mneanign sya yung kaya amg grow
• What bacteria shows Production of Acid from Glycerol (with erythromycin).


  Staphylococci (+) - fermenters sila eh
• It is themost virulent specles; coagulase (+)


  Staphylococcus aureus
• aureus means "__________"?

  Gold (Au) -golden yellow pigment (lipochrome); -hemolytic - BAP
• Is an extensive exfoliative dermatitis that occurs primarily in newborns and previously healthy children.

  Scalded Skin Syndrome
• Scalded Skin Syndrome is caused by?


  Staphylococcus aureus
• mild inflammation of hair follicle or sebaceous gland.


  Folliculitis
• are large, raised, superficial abscesses; can be an extension of folliculitis.


  Furuncles
• develop from multiple furuncles which may progress to deeper


  Carbuncles
• is a rare but potentially fatal, multisystem disease characterized by a sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscles aches and rash, which can quickly progress to hypotension and shock.

  Toxic Shock Syndrome
• Aerobic catalase test uses how many % of H202?

  3%
• Anaerobic catalase test uses how many % of H202?


  15%
• What coagulase is bound to cell wall

  Cell-bound coagulase/clumping factor
• - an extracellular enzyme; free from the cell wall

  - it causes clot formation when bacterial cells are incubated with plasma


  Unbound coagulase/free coagulase
• It enhances invasion and survival in tissue; breaks down hyaluronic acid present in the intracellular ground substance of connective tissues, resulting to spread of bacteria.

  Hyaluronidase (spreading-factor enzyme)
• It has fibrinolytic activity; dissolves fibrin clot.


  Staphylokinase (fibrinolysin)
• • It is produced by both coagulate-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

  • It is essential for survival in sebaceous areas of the body.

  • It is important in the formation of furuncles, carbuncles and boils.


  Lipase (fat-splitting enzyme)
• " It lowers viscosity of exudates, giving the pathogen more mobility.

  Deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) and Phosphatase
• It breaks down penicillin and other beta-lactam drugs.

  It breaks down penicillin and other beta-lactam drugs.
• What type of ENTEROTOXINS are responsible for food poisoning (the infected food)

  Enterotoxins A, B and D
• is associated with pseudomembranous enterocolitis " Signs and symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting among humans; no fever is associated

  Enterotoxin B
• It attacks and kills WBC ( PMN, macrophage and monocytes).

  
  

  Is a pore-forming exotoxin that kills WBC; it suppresses phagocytosis.

  
  

  it is responsible for necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections


  Leukocidin/Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (Cytolytic Toxin)
• It causes anemia - make iron available for microbial growth.


  Hemolysin (Cytolytic Toxin)
• In SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME, what layer of skin is destroyed?

  stratum granulosum
• scalded-skin syndrome (SSS) is also known as?

  Ritter disease
• For S. aureus, it is an immunologically active substance found in the cell wall. " Is antiphagocytic by competing with neutrophlls for the Fe portion of specific opsonins.


  Protein A
• Coagulase Test reagent:

  rabbit plasma
• " It detects cell bound coagulase/clumping factor on the surface of the cell wall"


  Slide method
• It is considered a sensitive method; definitive test.

  It detects extracellular/unbound/free coagulase.

  Tube method
• REMEMBER!

  SLIDE = S.L= Schleiferi and Lugdunensis

  
  

  TUBE = S.c.H.I.D = Schleiferi subs. coagulans, Hyicus. Intermidius, Delphini
• Mannitol Fermentation Test pH indicator

  phenol red
• REMEMBER!

  Voges-Proskauer Test

  
  

  Pink(+) L.A.S.H

  
  

  Lugdunensis

  Aureus

  Scheliferi

  Haemoliticus

  
  

  NEGATIVE (-) = "i" - Intermedius
• Voges-Proskauer Test result product?

  acetoin/acethylmethyl carbinol production
• Resistance of staphylococci to penicillinase-resistant penicillin occurs in up to _____% of coagulase-negative staphylococci and up to _________% of S. aureus.

  80%

  50%
• • Is a normal flora of skin. • Is a contaminant of medical instruments - catheters (indwelling and IV), CSF shunts and prosthetic heart valve implants (implanted medical devices).


  Staphylococcus epidermidis