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• Community


  Group of people living in the same area
• Types of community


  • Geographical - living in the same place, aligned goals
  • Non-geographic - idea of need, interest, and identity
• Community dynamics


  Natural phenomena
• Community action


  Inevitable, any service, activities in community
• Levels of community


  • Micro - formed based on personal ties
  • Macro - large people formed based on needs
• Functions of community


  • Social - housing, neighborhood, culture, education
  • Organizational - local government, public safety, security, public health, governance
  • Infrastructural - natural environment, transportation, water, food, communication
• Five functions of community

  • Production, distribution, consumption - provides its members with the means to make a living
  • Socialization - it instills its norms and values in members
  • Social control - to enforce adherence, boundary maintenance
  • Social participation - fulfills the need for companionship
  • Mutual support - enables members to cooperate and accomplish tasks
• Physical factors


  • Population, noise, community design
• Social and personal factors

  • Neighborhood setting, pattern of community interaction
• Types of community services

  • Preventative services - attempt to lessen problems
  • Supportive services - to give solution to problems
  • Rehabilitative services - need of rehab
• Community structure


  It is important to know the community structure because it will help us know what functions there is
• Community


  A process
• Community organization


  Aimed to organize, addresses plans and problems
• Community development


  A process where members come together to take collective action
• Characteristics of an effective community

  • Long term endeavor
  • Well planned
  • Inclusive and equitable
  • Holistic and integrated into the bigger picture
  • Initiated and supported by community members
• Types of community


  • Formal - helping and sharing info
  • Informal - common interest, personal relations
• Types of community


  • Urban - overpopulated, spread of technology
  • Rural - less populated, located at outskirts
  • Global - world community, common pov
  • Sectorial - organized sections (health, education)
• Types of community


  • Social place - public places
  • Interest - common interest
  • Action - trying to bring change
  • Place - geographic boundaries
  • Practice - same activities or share cultures
  • Circumstances - brought together by specific situations
• Community formation


  • May rules and regulations
  • Voluntary
• Community size


  • Large groups
  • Small groups
• Community structure


  • Information is from one member passed down
  • Chain of command
  • Top to bottom
  • Does not have structure
  • No chain of command
  • Move both ways
• Community relationship


  • Created to achieve specific task controlled by management
  • Personal
• Community nature and life

  • Stable
  • Not stable because they are governed by feelings
• Urban vs rural


  • Meaning - very high population vs located at outskirts of town
  • Population - densely populated vs sparsely populated
  • Development - developed according to urbanization and industrialization vs availability of vegetation
  • Social mobility - highly intensive vs less intensive
  • Division of labor - job allotment vs nonsuch division