mock paper 2

• Chromatography?

  • Draw a line of origin on the chromatography paper using a pencil
  • Line must be 1cm up from chromatography paper
  • Place chromatography paper into solvent, below solvent line
  • Place lid on beaker to prevent evaporation
  • Mark where solvent reaches the top
• How does zixonatide reduce severe, constant pain?

  • Few calcium ions enter the synaptic knob
  • Fewer vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane and less glutamate is released
  • Less glutamate diffuses across synaptic cleft
  • Less glutamate binds to receptors on post synaptic membrane
  • Fewer sodium ions enter and fewer impulses are sent
• Why was it injected instead of a pill?

  • Rapidly reaches spinal chord
  • Is broken down by enzymes
• Why do we need to use a statistically valid scale?

  -Pain is subjective

  -To ensure the differences were significant
• Why was the soil sterilised?

  -To kill pathogens

  -Remove competitors
• Why is there a recommended concentration of fertiliser?

  -So it is a controlled variable

  -So it does not affect soil PH
• How is orange seen at 600m?

  -Colour vision involves cone cells

  -Each photoreceptor has a different pigment

  -Greater absorption by red sensitive than green sensitive
• What are three features of the PCT that allow reabsorbtion?

  • Microvilli provide a large surface area
  • Many carrier proteins for active transport
  • Many ribosomes to produce carrier and channel proteins
• Where are V receptors found?

  Collecting duct, PCT
• Where are the receptors that detect blood pressure found?

  Aorta
• How does ADH affect blood pressure?

  -Increases the absorption of water

  -Increasing volume and pressure of blood
• What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

  -Break actomyosin bridges

  -Bend myosin heads

  -Move actin filaments
• What is the maximum exercise rate?

  1.4 seconds
• What is the benefits of taking creatine and carb loading?

  • Fast fibres used in intense exercise
  • Slow fibres used in longer exercise
  • Creatine used to form phosphocreatine
  • Phosphocreatine combines with ADP to form ATP
  • Carbohydrates can be stored at glycogen
• Why are GLUT4 and CD36 beneficial?

  -More glucose can enter muscle cells

  -By FD

  -Fatty acids used in Krebs cycle

  -Respiration provides more ATP
• Why does a increase in muscle activity increase heart rate?

  -Incease in co2 detected by chemoreceptors

  -More impulses sent to cardiac centre

  -More impulses along sympathetic pathway

  -To SAN