WOOD

• WOOD - traditional building materials, has ability to absorb shocks from sudden load, has freedom from rust and corrosion, and lightweight.
• FIRE RETARDANT - makes combustible materials difficult to ignite. Slows ignition, burning or make the flame self extinguish.
• FIRE RESISTANCE - non-combustible, creates a barrier against fire.
• HARDWOOD AND SOFTWOOD - classification of trees
• HARDWOOD - 'deciduous', trees that have broad leaves which are normally shed in the wintertime. The wood from broad-leaved flowering trees, such as cherry maple, or oak. The term is not descriptive of the actual hardness of the wood.
• SOFTWOOD - 'conifer', trees that have needles rather than leaves and that bear their seeds in cones. the wood from a conifer.
• DECIDUOUS - shedding leaves annually.
• CONIFER - any of various predominantly evergreen, cone-bearing trees, such as pine, firm, hemlock, and spruce.
• NATURAL WOOD - hardwood and softwood
• ENGINEERED WOOD - composite wood / man-made wood / manufactured board, plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particle board, MDF / HDF.
• TIMBER - wood suitable for use as a building materials.
• MOISTURE IN WOOD - usually expressed as a percentage of the oven-dry weight and can be determined by the oven-dry method / electric moisture meter method.
• MOISTURE CONTENT - amount of water contained in a wood piece. expressed by percentage of a weight of the wood when oven-dry.
• (MOISTURE CONTENT) = ((ORIGINAL WEIGHT - OVENDRY WEIGHT) / (OVENDRY WEIGHT)) (100) - FORMULA FOR OVEN DRY METHOD
• YARD LUMBER - used for ordinary light construction and finishing work and consists of 1-2 inches. softwood lumber intended for general building purposes, including boards, dimension lumber, and timbers.
• SHOP / FACTORY LUMBER - lumber sawn/selected primarily for further manufacture, graded according to the amount of usable wood that will produce cuttings of a specific size and quality.
• STRUCTURAL / FRAMING LUMBER - intended for use in heavy construction for load-bearing purposes and is cut into timbers of large size than yard lumber, 3 inches or more thick and 4 inches or more wide. it is made from hardwood of the log.
• WOOD GRAIN - unique pattern exposed on the sawn faces of a piece of lumber. grain pattern is among the most important aspects of any woodwork, and selecting the right one can truly elevate the project. direction, size, arrangement, and appearance of the fibers in a piece of dressed wood.
• EDGE / VERTICAL GRAIN - annual rings run at right angle to the face. wood grain resulting from quartersawing.
• FLAT GRAIN - when annual rings run more or less parallel to the surface. wood grain resulting from plain-sawing.
• QUARTERSAWING - to saw quartered logs approximately at right angles to the annual rings.
• PLAIN-SAW / BASTARD-SAW - to saw a squared log into boards with evenly spaced parallel cut.
• ANGLE GRAIN - when the annual ring are at about 45 degrees to C. the face.
• SEASONING OF TIMBER - the process of reducing the moisture content of a freshly cut limber.
• AIR DRYING - lumber is strip-pilled at a slope on a solid foundation to allow air to circulate. pertaining to the lumber seasoned by exposure to the atmosphere.
• KILN-DRYING - lumber is stacked in a space where the heat and humidity are carefully controlled. pertaining to lumber seasoned in a kiln under controlled condition of heat, air circulation, and humidity.
• SOLAR DRYING - in a tunnel dryer is stepwise process which mainly depend on fluctuating solar radiation.
• CHEMICAL SEASONING - using chemical solution like sodium chloride, sodiumnitrate, or urea.
• PRESSURE TREATED LUMBER - lumber subjectively to pressure and injected with chemicals to avoid rotting.
• BOARD FOOT - unit measurement used to calculate the volume content of lumber or wood. (bd. ft.)
• GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER - describe a wooden member built up of several layers whose grain directions are all substantly parallel.
• CASEIN GLUE - use in dry location not exposed in water.
• UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESINS - a cheap and well cure at from 70 degrees F up
• PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESINS - not usually recommended because high temperature needed to cure them
• RESORCINOL PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE - expensive resin glue but have excellent qualities.
• STRESSED SKIN PANNEL - insulated building panel that is comprised of a foam core sandwhich between two "skins"
• BOX BEAM - beam built from boards; has a hollow rectangular cross-section.
• STRAIGHT BEAM - most common and have a constant cross-section throughout their length
• CURVED BEAM - the neutral axis in unloaded condition is curved instead of stright.
• TAPERED BEAM - haunched tapered beam is a type of a non-prismatic beam that has varking depth and / or width at its end / mid-span.