FLOWERS

• Calyx


  Supports the Corolla
• Receptacle


  Supports the Corolla
• Perianth


  Corolla + Calyx
• Peduncle


  Flower stalk below the receptacle
• Flowers


  • Productive structure of the plant
• Filament


  Stamen stalk
• Anther


  Contains reproductive cell; pollen grain
• Stigma


  Receives the Pollen Grain
• Style


  Carpel stalk; connects stigma to ovary
• Ovary


  Contains Ovule
• The Anther and Ovary are the reproductive organs of the flower
• Floral Whorls


  • Sepals (Calyx)
  • Petals (Corolla)
  • Stamen (Androecium)
  • Carpel or Pistil (Gynoceium)
• Sepals and Petals are not directly involved in fertilization
• Stamen and Carpel/Pistil are directly involved in fertilization
• Pollination and Fertilization is different
• Perianth cycly


  No. of whorls in perianth
• Perianth merosity


  No. of parts per whorl
• Gynoecium


  All female parts of a flower
• Pistil


  Structure containing of ovary, style(s), and stigma(s)
• Carpel


  Conduplicate megasporophyll. Carpel can be a unit of pistil compound (composed of > 1 carpel)
• Gynoecial Fusion


  • Apocarpous Fusion
  • Syncarpous Fusion
• Androecium


  All male parts of a flower
• Stamen Types


  • Filamentous Stamen
  • Laminar Stamen
  • Staminodia Stamen
• Stamen Arrangement


  • Didynamous
  • Tetradynamous
  • Didymous
• Stamen Insertion


  • Inserted
  • Exserted
• Androecial/Stamen Fusion


  • Apostemonous
  • Exserted
• Fusion of Floral Parts

  • Fused Filaments
  • Syngenesious
  • Diadelphous
  • Monadelphous
• Connation


  Fusion of floral parts from the same whorl
• Anther Dehiscence Direction


  • Extrose
  • Introse
  • Latrose
• Perianth Fusion


  • Aposepalous apopetalous
  • Aposepalous sympetalous
  • Synsepalous apopetalous
  • Synsepalous sympetalous
• Ovary and Other Parts


  • Superior Ovary; Flower Hypogynous
  • Superior Ovary; Flower Perigynous; Hypanthium
  • Inferior Ovary; Flower Epigynous; Hypanthium

  
• Adnation


  Fusion of floral parts from different whorls
• Flowers are found inside the receptacle
• The glumes are receptacle looking petals
• Inflorescences


  • Determinate shoots (shoot can not grow up indefinitely)
  • Simplest is dischasium
• Sexual reproduction is important for evolution
• Sexual reproduction


  Produces variable offspring, creating diversity and variation among populations (shuffling of genes)
• Variation is needed for Natural Selection to occur
• Sexual reproduction is advantageous to an organism only if it happens with someone other than itself
• Most plants (97%) have both sexes on one body (hermaphroditic)