BONES

• Osteology- the study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorder.
• support- framework of the body
• protection- thoraic basket
• movement- skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons. acts as levers for muscles.
• Storage- reservoir for minerals and adipose tissue.
• Hematopoiesis- many bones contain cavities filled with bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.
• Osteoblast- bone builders, bone calcification and periosteum and endosteum
• Osteocytes- mature bone cells
• Osteoclast- bone eaters, bone resorption and endosteum
• Bone resorption- Digestion of bone matrix for normal growth, development, repair and maintenance
• Bone marphology- external surface
• epiphysis- the rounded end of a long bone where it meets another bone to form a joint.
• diaphysis: the shaft or central part of a long bone.
• Articular cartilage- its the smooth covering at the end of the bones helps them move smoothly and without pain in a joint.
• Epiphyseal line- a faint line seen in a adult bones that used to be growth plate when we were kids. It shows us when bone growth stops.
• Bone anatomy- internal struction, dissection
• Compact Bone- Hard, dense outer layer providing strength and protection to bones. Outer bones
• Spongy bone- lightweight, porous inner structure with trabeculae supporting bone strength and housing bone marrow for blood cell production
• Periosteum- outer layer of bone that covers the bone and provides attachment sites for muscles and tendons
• Endosteum- inner layer of bone, covers the inner surface of the bone
• Long bones- humerus
• short bone- trapezoid
• flat bone- sternum
• irregular bone- vertebra
• sesamold bone- patella
• Female- Pelvic bones, broader, more rounded
• Male- More acute, less titled forward
• Bone ossification( osteogenesis)- it refers to the formation of bone by osteoblast
• Intramembranous Ossification- A process of bone development from fibrous membrane. It is involved in the formation of the flat bones of the skull, the mandible and clavicles
• Mesenchymal cells- cluster and differentiate into osteoblasts forming the ossification center
• Osteoid- becomes calcified after few days, and forms the bone matrix
• Trabeculae- formation of the network of trabeculae
• Periosteum- formation of periosteum by the condensation of the mesenchyme
• Trabeculae- thicken and fuse together
• Red bone marrow- vascular tissue becomes
• Endochondral ossification- a process of bone development from hyaline cartilage
• Matrix calcification- enlargement of chondrocytes, calcification of the matric
• bone formation- osteoblast covering the cartilage
• ossification center formation- penetration of blood vessels into the cartilage
• Bone shaft formation- thickening of the bone shaft, replacement of the caritilage near the epiphyses to bone shaft