P6

• ELECTRIC CHARGE Objects becomes electrically charged either by gaining or losing electrons.
• Electric Charge


  Objects becomes electrically charged either by gaining orlosing electrons.
• Amber


  translucent yellowish resin rubbed with a piece of cloth attracts nearby objects.
• Queen Elizabeth I 


  Found out that many other substances possess the sameability as that of AMBER when rubbed against other substances.
• Electrostatics 


  study all phenomenaassociated with electric charges at rest.
• 
  

  Electric charge represented as q. Unit for charge is coulomb (C).
• Conductivity


  is the measure of the ease at which an electric charge moves through a material.
• Conductors 


  materials that allow the flow of charges through them
• Insulators


  materials that resist the flow of charges.
• Semiconductors


  Intermediate between conductors and insulators.
• semiconductors


  Conductivity is low in its pure form.
• Doping


  refers to atoms of different elements in very small amounts added to pure semiconductors to improve conductivity.
• Superconductors


  No resistance to the flow of charges below some critical temperatures.
• Superconductor


  The highest known critical temperature of a superconducting material is 203 K (−𝟕𝟎𝟎𝐂): hydrogen sulfide.
• Electron affinity


  is a measure of the attraction of an atom to an electron.
• Triboelectric series 


  is arranged in the order of increasing electron affinity from top to bottom.
• Polarization


  happens when negative charges on the neutral body are attracted toward the charging body if the latter is positive.
• Conservation of Charge


  Charges can neither be created nor destroyed, it only transferred from one body to another.
• Coulomb


  Discovered that themagnitude of the electricalforce between two chargedparticles
• Coulombs Law


  Electrical force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
• ELECTRIC FIELD 


  Space surrounding a charged body. Causes any charged particle placed in it experience an electric force
• Michael Faraday


  Introduced the use of electric field lines of force to map out electric field.
• Michael Faraday 


  introduced the use of electric field lines of force to map out electric fields
• Isolated positive charge = electric field lines directed outwar
• Isolated negative charge = electric field lines directed inward
• Electric Field Intensity - Strength of the electric field at a point due the source charge
• The greater the number of lines of force, the stronger the electric field
• Electric Flux


  Measure of the number of field lines passing
• Electric Flux


  Comes from the Latin word fluxus meaning “flow”
• CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS


  Relates electric field, electric flux, and electric charge
• ELECTRIC POTENTIAL 


  Movement of positively charged particles in a uniform electrical field.
• ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL 


  Electric potential at any point in an electric field E is electric potential energy per unit charge at that point
• Unit is VOLT (V) 1 V = 1