Science Exam

• Circulatory system


  Responsible for transporting materials throughout the body
• Circulatory system


  • Transports nutrients, water and wastes
  • Composed of heart, blood and blood vessels
• Heart


  Pumping organ that pumps blood around the body
• Blood circulation


  Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart, then to the rest of the body
• Blood


  Composed of plasma and blood cells
• Types of blood cells

  • Red blood cells (numerous, transport oxygen)
  • White blood cells (fight against bacteria)
  • Platelets (aid in clotting)
• Plasma


  Contains dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes
• Types of blood


  • Oxygen-rich (oxygenated)
  • Oxygen-poor (deoxygenated)
• Blood vessels


  • Network of tubes that carry blood throughout the body
  • 3 main functions: transport, protection, temperature regulation
• Types of blood vessels

  • Arteries (carry blood away from the heart)
  • Veins (carry blood to the heart)
  • Capillaries (connect arteries and veins)
• Heart


  • Pulmonary circulation (deoxygenated blood to lungs)
  • Systemic circulation (oxygenated blood to body)
• Heart structure and function

  1. Superior vena cava collects deoxygenated blood

  2. Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood

  3. Tricuspid valve prevents backflow

  4. Right ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary valve

  5. Pulmonary valve prevents backflow

  6. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

  7. Pulmonary veins collect oxygenated blood from lungs

  8. Left atrium receives oxygenated blood

  9. Mitral valve prevents backflow

  10. Left ventricle receives blood

  11. Aortic valve prevents backflow

  12. Aorta takes oxygenated blood to body