WEEK 7-8

• Name 4 intestinal/urogenital protozoa

  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Giardia lamblia
  3. Trichomonas vaginalis
  4. Balantidium coli
• What phylum is Giardia lamblia

  • subphylum mastigophora
• What phylum is Entamoeba histolytica

  • subphylum sarcodina
• What subphylum is Trichomonas vaginalis

  • subphylum mastigophora
• What phylum is Balantidium coli

  • phylum ciliophora
• Name 6 Blood/tissue protozoa

  1. Acanthamoeba castellani(free living amoeba)
  2. Naegleria
  3. Hemoflagellates
  4. Plasmodium spp
  5. Toxoplasma gondii
• 2 types of Hemoflagellates

  1. Leishmania spp
  2. Trypanosoma spp
• 3 types of Leishmania spp

  1. L. dovani (visceral)
  2. L. tropica (cutaneous)
  3. L. braziliensis (mucuocutaneous)
• 5 plasmodian species

  1. P. vivax
  2. P. malariae
  3. P. ovale
  4. P. knowlesi
  5. P. falciparum
• Name 4 intestinal cestodes

  1. Taenia saginata
  2. Taenia solium
  3. Diphyllobothrium latum
  4. Hymenolepis nana
• Name 1 extra-intestinal cestodes

  1. Echinoccocus granulosus (hydatid tapeworm)
• What phylum is

  1. Acanthamoeba castellani
  2. Naegleria
  3. Hemoflagellates
  4. Plasmodium spp 5. Toxoplasma gondii

  answer

  1, Sarcodina

  2. Sarcodina

  3. Mastigophora

  4. Apicomplexa

  5. Apicomplexa
• Symbiosis


  A relationship where unlike organisms exist together
• Types of Symbiotic Relationships

  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism
  • Parasitism
• Commensalism

  One benefit, other is unaffected
• Commensalism

  • Human Body and Normal Flora
• Mutualism


  Both organisms benefit from each other
• Mutualism


  • Intestinal Flora Production of vitamin K
• Parasitism

  One benefit, one is harmed
• Parasitism


  • ticks and dog
• Parasitism

  Organisms depending on the host for survival
• Elements of parasitism

  • Parasite
  • Host
• Classification of Parasites (Based on Habitat)

  • Ectoparasites (infestation)
  • Endoparasites (infection)
• Ectoparasites

  Parasites living outside the host's body
• Ectoparasites

  • Fleas, lice
• Infestation

  Invasion of the body by ectoparasites
• Endoparasites


  Parasites living inside the host's body
• Endoparasites


  • Helminths or worms
• Infection


  Entry and multiplication of the parasite within the host
• Classification of Parasites (Based on Independence)

  • Facultative Parasites
  • Obligate Parasites
• Facultative Parasites

  Parasites that can live independently of the host
• Facultative Parasites

  • Amoeba
• Obligate Parasites


  Parasites that must live inside a host
• Obligate Parasites

  • Plasmodium, Leishmania, hookworms
• Majority of human-infecting parasites fall into the Obligate Parasites category
• Classification of Parasites (Based on Mode of Living)

  • Permanent Parasites
  • Intermittent Parasites
  • Incidental Parasites
  • Transitory Parasites
  • Erratic Parasites
• Permanent Parasites


  Parasites remaining in a host from early life to maturity
• Permanent Parasites

  • Plasmodium
• Intermittent Parasites


  Parasites visiting the host only during feeding time
• Intermittent Parasites

  • Non-pathogenic parasites (leeches, bedbugs etc)