PNF (IKMO-MAKABUHAY)

• Scientific names


  • Piper betle (Fam. Piperaceae)
  • P. anisodorum Blanco
  • P. chavica betle Syst.
  • P. anisumolens Blanco
  • P. philippinense C.DC.
  • P. bathycarpum C. LC.
  • P. puberulinodum C. DC.
  • P. betle L. var. delisum C. DC.
  • P. Siriboa L.
  • P. blacoi Merr.
  • Chavica betle Miq
  • P. canaliculatum Opiz.
  • Chavica siriboa Miq.
  • P. carnistylum C. DC.
• Parts used


  • Leaves
• Indications and directions for use

  • Gas pain (tympanism): Spread oil on leaf, warm and apply on abdomen
• Other names


  • Betel (Engl.)
  • Gaúod (It.)
  • Betel leaf pepper (Engl.)
  • Gók (Ibn.)
  • Buyo(Bik., C., Bis.)
  • Ikmóng-ilóko (Tag.)
  • Buyo-anis (Tag.)
  • Itmó (Tag.)
  • Buyo-búyo (Bik.)
  • Kanisi (Bis.)
  • Buyog (Mbo.)
  • Laoer (Pang.)
  • Buyu (Sul.)
  • Mamin (Bis, Tag.)
  • Gaóed (Ilk.)
  • Samat (Pamp.)
• Constituents


  • Volatile oil, 0.8-1.8%- chavicol, betelphenol, eugenol, allyl pyrocatechin, terpene, cineol, caryophyllene, cadinene, menthone
• National Science Development Board. (1978). Philippine National Formulary (Medicinal Plants). 2nd Edition.p.49.
• References

  • Blanco, 16; Brown. IV, 66; Brown,v. 1:442; Bruntz and Jaloux, 40:Burkill, v. 2:1737; Chopra, 349; GHK, v.2:309; Guerrero I, 179; Guerrero II, 91; Indian Add., 8; Kirtikar and Basu, v. 2:1093; Merrill, 1, 0; Merrill, v. 2:4; Quisumbing,212; Read, 203; Tavera, 255; Valenzuela, Concha, and Santos, 1947; Wehmer, 196
• StuartXchange. (n.d.) Ikmo. Retrieved from http://www.stuartxchange.com/Ikmo.html; Alchetron. (2018). Betel. Retrieved from https://alchetron.com/Betel
• Scientific names


  • Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.)de Witt. (Fam.Fabaceae)
  • L. glauca (L.)Benth.
  • Acacia glauca Willd.
  • Mimosa glauca L.
• Other names


  • Agho(P. Bis.)
  • Kariskis (Ilk.)
  • Ipel (Tag.)
  • Aghog(P. Bis.)
  • Kempokompitis (Ilk.)
  • Leiloi(S.L Bis.)
  • Kabahero(C. Bis)
  • Santa Elena (Span.)
• Part used


  • Dried seeds
• Anthelmintic -For ascaris and trichina


  1. Adults: Take 1 teaspoon of powdered dried seeds, either alone or mixed with condensed milk and follow it up with ½ glass of water. The preparation should be taken 2 hours after a meal, as a single dose. Repeat the dose after 1 week if the first one was not effective.

  2. Children: 7-8 years old- ¼ to ½ teaspoon.

  3. 10-12 years old- ½ to 2/3 teaspoon
• Adverse Reaction: Stomach ache and diarrhea
• Constituents


  • Fat, 8.68%, crude fiber, 22.59%; nitrogen-free material other than fiber, 9.78%; nitrogen, 6.42%; sucrose; water, 14.8%; ash, 4.2%
• Brill, 1916; Brown II, 290; Quisumbing, .411
• Godofredo U. Stuart Jr., M. (n.d.). StuartXchange. Retrieved from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Ipil- ipil.html
• Scientific names


  • Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Fam. Lamiaceae)
  • P. patchouli Hook.
  • P. patchouly Pellet
  • P. patchouli Hook. var suavis Hook. f.
  • Mentha auricularia Blanco
  • Mentha cablin Blanco
• Other names


  • Kadling (Tag., Bis.)
  • Pacholi (Span.)
  • Kadlum (Bik., S.L. Bis., Sul.)
  • Patchouli (Engl.)
  • Karlin (Tag.)
  • Sarok (Ig.)
  • Katluen (Bis.)
• Part used


  • Herb
• Indications and directions for use

  • Arthritis and rheumatism – Crush leaves and apply on affected part
• Constituents


  • Volatile oil, 6-10% - patchouli alcohol, cadinene, coerulein, benzaldehyde, eugenol
• Burkill, v. 2:1782; GHK, v. 3:562; Guerrero I, 223; Guerrero II, 86; Lugod and Pancho, 40; Quisumbing, 829; Valenzuela, Concha, and Santos, 1947; Wehmer, 1071; West and Brown, 219
• Scientific name


  • Citrus hystrix DC. (Fam. Rutaceae)

  
• Other names


  • Amongpong (C. Bis.)
  • Kamuntai (Bik.)
  • Amontau (C. Bis.)
  • Kapitan (Ilk., Ibn.)
  • Buyak (Tag.)
  • Kobot (Tag.)
  • Buyog (Tag.)
  • Kolison(Bis.)
  • Daruga (Sul.)
  • Kolobot (Tag., Bis.)
  • Duroga (Sul.)
  • Kolong-kolong (Tag.)
  • Kabog (Bik.)
  • Kabuan (Tag.)
  • Malatbas (Sbl.)
  • Abugau (Tag.)
  • Mayagarin (C. Bis.)
  • Kabuyau(Tag.)
  • Muntai (Sub.)
  • Kalo-oi (C. Bis)
  • Kamugau (Ilk.)
  • Pinukpuk (Klg.)
  • Kamulau (Ilk.)
  • Piris (Pang.)
• Part used


  • Leaves and Fruits
• Indication and direction for use

  • Aromatic baths – Squeeze fruit and juice to gogo (for shampoo) or water (for bath)
  • Nausea and fainting – Inhale oil from rind
  • Flavor – Squeeze rind to extract oil
• Constituents


  • Rind – volatile oil, 4%-citral, 40%
  • Leaves – volatile oil, 0.08%
• Burkill, v. 1:567; GHK, v. 3:106; Lugod and Pancho, 14; Merrill, v. 2:342; Quisumbing, 453; Valenzuela, Concha and Santos, 1947; Wehmer, 639; West and Brown, 208
• Scientific name


  • Melaleuca leucadendron L.
• Family name


  • Myrtaceae
• Parts used


  • Leaves
• Other names


  • Cajeput oil tree (Engl.)
  • Paper bark tree (Engl.)
  • Pink Tree (Engl.)
  • Swamp tea tree (Engl.)
• Indications and direction for use

  • Gas pain (Typanism) - Bruise leaves and apply over abdomen.
  • Headache - Bruise leaves and apply on forehead.
  • Insect Repellent - Bruise leaves and apply on exposed body surfaces.
  • Rheumatism and muscle cramps - Crush leaves and mix with coconut oil or cooking oil. Rub oil over affected area.
  • Scabies - Crush leaves and mix with coconut or cooking oil. Apply the oil on affected areas.
  • Toothache - Pound young leaves and pack into tooth cavity
• Constituents


  • Leaves - Cajeput oil which contains 50-60% cineol (eucalyptol, cajuputol); esters of butyric, valerianic, and acetic acids; d-1 pinene; valeral, butyl, and benzaldehydes; 1-linalool
• Bruntz and Jaloux, 148; British Pharamacop., 1932; Gathercoal, 452; Kelsey and Dayton, 385; Krochmal, 1973; Lewis, 254; Quisumbing, 663; Tyler, Brady and Robbers, 170; Wehmer, 835
• Scientific name


  • Theobroma cacao L. (Fam. Sterculiaceae)
• Other names


  • Cacao (Span.)
  • Cocoa (Engl.)
• Parts used


  • Seeds
• Indications and directions for use

  • Dry skin and dry eczema – Roast seed, pound and apply on affected parts
  • Food – As chocolate food or drink
• Constituents

  • Fixed oil, 40-56%; theobromine; glucose; saccharose; vitamin A, 825-1400 LU. Per 100 Gm.; cellulose, 2.8-5.4%; water, 5-7%; ash, 3-5%; starch, 5% and a glucoside, cacarine