Chem Exam - L2

• A genetic mutation is a change in a sequence of your DNA.
• Your DNA sequence gives your cells the information they need to perform their functions.
• 3 Types of Genetic Mutation:

  • Deletion
  • Insertion
  • Substitution
• Deletion - Extra base pair is deleted from a sequence.
• Insertion - An extra base pair is added to a sequence of bases.
• Substitution - Bases are swapped for different ones.
• Genetic mutations occur during cell division.
• 2 types of cell division:

  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
• Mitosis is when your genes instruct your cells to split into two by making a copy of your chromosomes.
• Meiosis is when your chromosomes copy themselves with half the amount of chromosomes as the original.
• Steps to prevent some genetic mutation:

  • Not smoking.
  • Wearing sunscreen
  • avoiding chemical exposure (carcinogens)
  • eating a healthy, balanced diet, and processed foods.