musculoskeletal system

• Sagittal plane


  Divides the body into left and right
• Frontal plane


  Divides the body into front and back
• Transverse plane

  Divides the body into top and bottom
• Longitudinal axis


  From the head through the toe (sagittal)
• Transverse axis


  From the left side to the right side (joints)
• Frontal axis


  Through the middle of the body (abdomen)
• STF


  Flexion and extension
• FSA


  Abduction and adduction
• TLH


  Horizontal abduction and adduction
• Elbow flexion


  Biceps / triceps
• Ankle plantarflexion/dorsiflexion


  Gastrocnemius / tibialis anterior
• Knee flexion


  Hamstring / quadriceps
• Hip flexion


  Hip flexors / gluteals
• Hip adduction/abduction


  Adductors (longus / magnus) / tensor fascia latae
• Hip horizontal abduction/adduction


  Adductors / tensor fascia latae
• Shoulder flexion


  Anterior deltoid / latissimus dorsi
• Shoulder adduction/abduction


  Pectorals / latissimus dorsi
• Shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction


  Latissimus dorsi / middle deltoid
• Isotonic


  When a muscle changes length during contraction
• Concentric


  When a muscle shortens during contraction
• Eccentric


  When a muscle lengthens during contraction
• Isometric


  When a muscle stays the same length during contraction, no movement