information processing

• can't


  Unable to do something
• currently


  At the present time
• 57


  The number fifty-seven
• the


  Definite article
• three stores


  Three retail locations
• sense specific, unlimited


  Able to perceive without limit
• 'memory: everything we percieve (displayed) is scored in our memory
• Memory processes


  • Encoding
  • Maintenance
  • Retrieval
• STSS


  Holds all displayed information
• STSS


  • Capacity is short duration, unconscious
• Selective attention and encoding


  Occurs to the STM
• STM


  Only processes relevant stimuli, limited capacity, 30 second duration
• DCR process occurs through the STM
• Encoding


  Occurs to the LTM
• LTM


  Comparisons, decoding, executive motor programmes, schema
• 171 68 Sec


  A duration of time
• Grae


  A name or term
• Baddeley + Hitch: model of STM prior to encoding


  Central executive controls the flow of information between systems
• Phonological loop


  • Handles hearing, verbal guidance/feedback, coaching
• Visuospatial sketchpad


  • Handles visual demonstrations, vicarious experiences
• Episodic buffer


  • Links information together, timing, sequencing
• Whiting's model: all the sensory information for the performer (display) through the senses (sensory organs)
• Perceptual selective attention, filtering relevant information/data

  1. Detection

  2. Comparison

  3. Recognition

  4. Decision making
• Translatory


  Decisions are converted into commands
• Effector


  Neural stimulation of muscles via the CNS, to produce contractions, timing/sequencing
• Information processing: retrieving a necessary skill from the LTM


  1. Input: all display data (internal/external), proprioception

  2. Decision making: comparisons, interpretation of the environment

  3. Stimulus identification (OCR), response selection, response programming

  4. Output: nerve impulses and muscular contractions
• Practice over-learning essential skills, purposeful practice
• Transfer (competition environment), varied practice
• Attentional factors


  • Selective attention
  • Optimal arousal control
  • Cue utilisation
  • Anticipation (temporal/spatial)
  • Process-focus
• Psychology


  • Mental rehearsal/imagery
  • Relaxation
  • Thought-stopping
• Physical


  • Warm up
  • Essential skills for nerve transmission
• Reaction time


  The time taken for information processing to occur
• Response time


  Reaction time
• Movement time


  The time taken to complete a movement
• Hick's law: more possible responses = longer reaction time, bottleneck theory, single channel hypothesis
• Varied practice is essential for improving reaction time
• Anticipation


  Prediction of a situation (temporal), pre-loading should be combined
• Skill (spatial)


  Ability to perform a physical task in space
• Psychological refractory period


  A delayed response to a stimulus because of the onset of another
• Improving reaction time: time between the onset of a stimulus and the completion of the movement in response to it