Science,tech, and society

• Human flourishing


  Based on Ancient Greek philosopher's perspective
• Ancient Greek Philosophers who first answered what is human flourishing

  • Thales Miletus
  • Socrates
  • Plato
  • Aristotle
• Flourishing life


  Eudaimonia or Human flourishing
• Happiness


  According to Plato, all human beings naturally desire eudaimonia or human flourishing
• To flourish, one must have

  • Moral thought
  • Virtuous action
• Well-being of a human

  Must not depend on external goods like money, fame, beauty
• According to Plato, a human being can develop virtue by

  1. Examining things and thinking more

  2. Mastery using reason

  3. Living the four cardinal virtues
• Plato's four cardinal virtues

  • Wisdom
  • Temperance
  • Courage
  • Justice
• Eudaimonia/human flourishing


  The highest good of human beings according to Aristotle
• Aspects of human nature

  • Physical
  • Social
  • Emotional
  • Rational
• Virtue


  A character trait that enables a person to flourish
• Two types of knowledge

  • Theoretical knowledge - nature of principles
  • Practical knowledge - applying these principles
• Aristotle's virtues of character

  • Courage
  • Temperance
  • Justice
  • Magnificence
  • Truthfulness
  • Magnanimity
  • Wittiness
  • Shame
  • Liberality
  • Patience
  • Friendliness
• Human flourishing


  A modern world concept in psychology with components like happiness, life satisfaction, meaning and purpose, mental/physical health, financial/material stability, close social relationships
• Science


  Comparable to theoretical knowledge, explains nature/principles behind an object/event/phenomenon
• Technology


  Comparable to practical knowledge, applies theoretical knowledge to have an output
• Scientific and technological discoveries enable humanity to gain intellectual virtues
• Science and technology can be exploited which can result in serious negative impacts like industrialization, pollution, nuclear weapons
• Technology


  A way of revealing according to Martin Heidegger
• Heidegger's four causes


  • Causa materialis - materials out of which
  • Causa formalis - form or shape
  • Causa finalis - end
  • Causa efficiens - which brings out the effect
• Heidegger prefers to replace the four causa with the Greek terms hyle, eidos, telos and logos
• Scientific knowledge is based on evidence from observations or experiments that can be tested and reproduced by other scientists.
• The scientific method is the process by which scientists test hypotheses to determine if they are true.
• Science has led to many technological advances such as computers, smartphones, and medical treatments.
• Hypothesis - A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation.
• Causality


  The four causes discussed by Heidegger:
• Four causes


  • causa materialis - materials out of which
  • causa formalis - form or shape
  • causa finalis - end
  • causa efficiens - which brings out the effect
• causa


  that which brings it about
• aiton


  that which is responsible for something else
• Heidegger's preferred terms to replace the 4 causa

  hyle, eidos, telos and logos
• Poiesis


  Bringing-forth, revealing
• Aletheia


  Truth (Greek word)
• Essentialism


  Basic 3Rs
• Perenialism


  Forever, unchanging
• Existentialism


  Freedom, choices
• Behaviorism


  Power of Environment, nurture
• Cognitivism


  Development, nature
• Albert Bandura


  Social Learning Theory
• Constructivism


  Meaningful learning
• Advance organizer


  David Ausubel