Mutation

• Mutations that occur in somatic cells aren't passed on to offspring. However, mutations that occur in gametes are passed on.
• Mutation

  Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
• Mutagenic Agent

  Chemicals & UV Radiation that causes a mutation
• Point mutations are mutations that cause change in only one nucleotide.
• Substitution

  One base is swapped for another.
• Deletion

  Removal of base
• Addition / Insertion

  Addition of a base
• Duplication

  Gene sequence in chromosome is repeated
• Where does duplication occur?

  In chromosomes
• Translocation

  Two non-homologous chromosomes lose parts. This part is transferred to another chromosome.
• Frameshift

  Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides, causing protein to be built incorrectly.
• Non-disjunction

  Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in gamete having too many or too few chromosomes