Diy protozoan

• Characteristics of Protozoa

  • unicellular
  • multicellular
  • eukaryote
• protists- group
• protozoans

  • animal-like
  • unicellular
  • lack cell wall
  • non photosynthetic in primitive condition
• protozoa general features

  • single plasma membrane
  • ecologically diverse
• all life activities are carried on within the limits of a single plasma membrane
• single plasma membrane

  • feeding
  • reproducing
  • behaving
  • moving
  • excreting
• ecologically diverse

  • free-living species: marine and freshwater
  • parasites- co-exists with organism
• mode of nutrition

  • autotrophic
  • heterotrophic
  • parasitic (endoparasitic; in, and ectoparasitic; on)
• obligate parasites

  • organisms that are required to become parasitic once in their life
• facultative parasites

  • organisms that may or may not be parasitic unless triggered to do so.
• parasitic hosts

  • definitive- parasites that reach sexual maturity (ex. anopheles)
  • intermediate- asexual forms of parasite (ex. mice)
• mode of reproduction

  • conjugation (paramecium)- sexual
  • binary fission (amoeba)- asexual
  • multiple fission (plasmodium)- assexual
• multiple fission in asexual reproduction on Plasmodium

  
• protozoans that are capable of cyst formation:

  • amoeba
  • didinium
  • plasmodium
• cyst formation of amoeba

  
• cyst formation of didinium

  
• Cyst formation of plasmodium

  
• trophozoite formation

  cyst-excystation-trophozoite-encystment
• cyst

  • passed in feces
  • resistant
  • infective
• trophozoite

  • feeding
  • motile
  • replication
• protozoans that are capable of trophozoite formation

  • amoeba
  • plasmodium
• locomotion of protozoans

  • cilia (paramecium)
  • flagella(flagellum)
  • pseudopodia (amoeba)
• fastest locomotion

  • cilia (paramecium)
• slowest locomotion

  • pseudopodia (amoeba)
• major protozoan group classification

  • alveolata- paramecium
  • amoebozoa- amoeba
  • flagellata- euglena
• alveoli

  • membrane-bound sac below the cell membrane
• three groups (phyla) of alveolata

  • ciliophora
  • dinozoa
  • apicomplexa
• distinct features of phylum ciliophora

  • ciliated body (paramecium, spirostomum, didinium)
  • ciliated oral (vorticellla, stentor)
  • 2 types of nuclei (macronuclei, micronuclei)
• notable features of phylum ciliophora

  • contractile vacuoles
  • food vacuoles
• phylum dinozoa

  • dinoflagellates
• distinct features of phylum dinozoa

  • 2 distinct flagella- sulcus (longitudinal groove) and girdle (transverse groove)
  • bioluminescence
  • red tides
  • habs (harmnful algal blooms)
• symbiosis

  • corals
• symnodinium

  • produce oxygen and organic products for corals
• corals

  • produce carbon dioxide and production for dinoflagellate
• phylum apicomplexa

  • anterior "apical complex"
  • endoparasites
• human parasite in phylum apicomplexa

  • plasmodium (malaria) by mosquito vectors
• 2 groups of amoebozoans

  • gymnomoebae
  • rhizaria
• body shape of gymnomoebae

  • amorphous
• body shape of rhizaria

  • structured body shape
• difference of gymnomoebae and rhizaria in terms of their pseudopodia

  • lobose (amoeba)
  • slender (rhizaria)