cell cycle

• Eukaryotic cell cycle


  The process by which a eukaryotic cell divides into two or more daughter cells
• Eukaryotic cell cycle


  1. G1 phase

  2. S phase

  3. G2 phase

  4. Mitosis

  5. Cytokinesis
• Mitosis


  A type of cell division where one cell splits into two cells
• Mitosis is just one part of a much longer process called the cell cycle
• Cell cycle duration


  Depends on the type of cell, can take around 24 hours in certain mammalian cells or much longer in other cells
• Interphase


  The stage of the cell cycle where the cell carries out its normal functions, most of the cell cycle
• Interphase


  1. G1 phase

  2. S phase

  3. G2 phase
• G1 phase


  Cell replicates organelles and increases in size
• S phase


  Chromosomes are replicated
• G2 phase


  Cell replaces energy stores, repairs chromosome damage, and continues to grow
• M phase


  Mitosis and cytokinesis, where the cell divides into two daughter cells
• G0 phase


  Cells can exit the cell cycle either temporarily or permanently
• Cell cycle checkpoints


  Key points where the cell checks that the cell cycle should continue
• Cell cycle checkpoints

  1. G1 checkpoint

  2. G2 checkpoint

  3. Metaphase checkpoint
• G1 checkpoint


  Cell checks it has grown to the correct size and for DNA damage
• G2 checkpoint


  Cell checks for DNA damage and that it has grown to the correct size
• Metaphase checkpoint


  Checks that the chromosomes are assembled correctly on the mitotic spindle