CARBOHYDRATES

• Carbohydrates


  • Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
  • Major source of energy in the body
• Classification of Carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharide
  • Disaccharide
  • Oligosaccharide
  • Polysaccharide
• Monosaccharide


  • Sugar that contains 3,4,5,6 carbon atoms
  • Sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler form
• Monosaccharides


  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • Ribose
  • Deoxyribose
• Fructose


  • Levulose - rich in sperm
• Brain is completely dependent on blood glucose for energy (2/3 of Glucose Utilization in resting adults occurs in the CNS)
• Disaccharide


  Composed of 2 monosaccharides (can be separated by hydrolysis)
• Sucrose


  Most popular non-reducing sugar (without free aldehyde)
• Oligosaccharide


  Composed of 2-10 monosaccharides
• Polysaccharide


  Linkage of many monosaccharide units (glycosidic bond)
• Polysaccharides


  • Starch (Amylase)
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
• Glycogen


  Storage form of sugar in the body
• The only carbohydrate directly used by the body for energy is glucose
• Lactose intolerance occurs when lactase enzyme activity decreases with age, leading to difficulty digesting lactose.
• Glucose can be stored as glycogen or converted to fatty acids, which are then incorporated into triglycerides.
• Fructose is metabolized differently from other sugars and does not require insulin for absorption.