MICROORGANISMS PATHOGENIC TO MAN

• Pathogenic bacteria


  Bacteria that can cause disease
• Susceptibility


  The extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure
• Pathogen


  A biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host
• Pathology


  The study of disease
• Etiology


  Cause of disease; often microbial
• Etiology


  • Flu - Influenza virus
  • Tb - M. tuberculosis
• Pathogenesis


  Development of disease in the host
• Pathogenesis


  • Norwalk virus; Fecal - oral, diarrhea
• Disease


  Altered state of health, host body is changed, upset of homeostasis
• Epidemiology


  Science of the study of how diseases are acquired and spread in a population
• Infectious disease


  A disease caused by an organism or virus that enters and multiplies within the human body
• Toxins


  A poison given off by some bacteria that can injure cells
• Virus


  The smallest type of pathogen
• Bacteria


  Simple, single-celled microorganisms
• Microorganisms


  An organism that is so small it can only be seen through a microscope
• Immunogenicity


  The ability to induce an immune response in the host
• Infectivity


  The ability to infect a host
• Virulence


  The ability of an agent of infection to produce disease
• Host


  An animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives
• Diagnosis


  The art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms
• Mode of transmission


  The route or method of transfer by which the infectious microorganism moves or is carried from one place to another to reach the new host
• Modes of transmission


  • Contact (direct and/or indirect)
  • Droplet
  • Airborne
  • Vector
  • Common Vehicle
• Disease of Silkworms investigated by Louis Pasteur


  1865
• Giardia lamblia discovered


  1681-1975
• Giardiasis is a disease caused by infection with the protozoan Giardia lamblia. Infection with Giardia can produce diarrhea, gas, and abdominal pain in some people.
• Giardia lamblia was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek (1681) who found the parasite in his own {diarrheal} stools.
• Louis Pasteur's formal experiments on the relationship between germ and disease

  1860-1864
• Carlos Finlay Identifies a Suspect - mosquitoes as the transmitting agent of Yellow Fever


  08/14/1881
• Bacterium Identified by Edwin Klebs - the bacterium that causes diphtheria


  1883
• Friedrich Loeffler was the first to cultivate Corynebacterium diphtheriae and used Koch's postulates to confirm it as the agent that caused diphtheria.
• Helicobacter pylori discovered as the cause of most stomach ulcers


  1892-1982
• Poliovirus Identified in Vienna by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper


  1908
• Thomas Peebles Isolates the Measles Virus


  1954
• Discovery of the Immunodeficiency virus (AIDS)

  1959-1984
• AIDS was first reported June 5, 1981
• Bacillus


  Rod-shaped bacteria
• Coccus


  Sphere-shaped bacteria
• Spirillum


  Spiral-shaped bacteria
• Strepto-


  Straight chains of bacteria
• Diplo-


  Two cells of bacteria