Ac 1.1

• What is the first reading


  Where the name of the bill and its main aims are read out and a formal vote is taken
• What is the second reading


  The main debate takes place followed by another vote
• What is the committee stage

  A chosen group of representatives look closely at the Bill to address any issues and suggest appropriate amendments
• What is the report stage?

  The committee report back to the full house who then vote on the proposed amendments
• What is the third reading?


  Final vote on bill. No amendments can be made, bill is either passed or rejected
• What happens after the third reading

  All of the stages are repeated in the other house
• What is royal assent?


  Royal Assent is the Monarch's agreement to make the Bill an Act.
• What happens after royal assent

  The bill then becomes an act of parliament and the commencement date is given
• Judicial Precedent


  An earlier court decision that influences all decisions that come after it.
• statutory interpretation


  Judges can also make law by way of interpreting statutes or Acts of Parliament.
• Donohue v Stevenson (1932)


  Decomposed snail in drink
• Daniel v White (1938)


  Lemonade that had corrosive metal in, burnt claimants throat
• Literal Rule


  the literal meaning of a word
• Golden Rule


  Modify literal meaning
• Mischief Rule


  What did they set out to achieve
• Green paper


  New law proposal and is opened for public debate
• What happens if the public support the proposal of the green paper

  Becomes white paper - the laws proposed become more formal then it becomes a bill which is presented to parliament
• Overruling


  Higher courts decide that the decision of a lower court was wrong eg R V R 1992 marital rape
• Distinguishing


  Judge thinks there are significant differences in the facts of the current case