Nursing Art

• Caring means that person’s e vents, projects, and things matter to people (Benner).

   It is a word of being connected.
• Caring involves five processes: (Swanson)

   Knowing is striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other.

   Being with is being emotionally present to the other.

   Doing for is doing for the other as he or she would do for the self if it at all were possible.

   Enabling is facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions (e.g. birth, death) and

  unfamiliar events.

   Maintaining belief is sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get through an event or transition

  and face a future with meaning.
• Caring is the essence and central unifying, and dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from the

  other health disciplines (Leininger).

   Care is an essential human need, necessary for the health and survival of all individuals.
• Caring - healing is communicated through the consciousness of the nurse to the individual being

  cared for (Watson).

   Transpersonal caring expands the limit of openness and allows access to higher human spirit,

  thus expanding human consciousness.
• Providing presence is when a nurse establishes reassuring presence, eye contact, body

  language, voice tone, listening and having a positive and encouraging attitude, act together to

  create openness and understanding
• Comforting involves the use of touch and the skillful and gentle performance of nursing care procedures.
• Listening involves paying attention to an individual’s words and tone of voice, and entering into his/her frame of reference.
• Knowing the client is at the core of the process by which nurses make clinical decisions. To know the client means that the nurse considers the client as a unique individual.
• Spiritual caring offers a sense of interconnectedness intra-personally (with oneself), interpersonally (with others and the environment), and trans-personally (with the unseen God, or a higher power).
• Family care involves knowing the family as thoroughly as one knows the client. A nurse demonstrates caring by helping family members become active participants in client care.
• SIX (6) C’s OF CARING:

  1. Compassion
  2. Competence
  3. Conscience
  4. Confidence
  5. Commitment
  6. Comportment
  7. Creativity
• Compassion


  means to be with another in their suffering.

  • It is empathy and sensitivity to human pain and joy that allows one to enter into the experience

  of another.
• Competence is acquiring and using evidence-based scientific and humanistic knowledge and skill in the application of therapeutic interventions in the current practice of nursing.
• Conscience directs moral, ethical and legal decision-making. It motivates us to increase the knowledge and skills needed to respond appropriately to moral, ethical and legal issues faced by one and others.

  It directs us to adhere to the standards of professional nursing practiceIt directs us to respond to social injustices.
• Confidence is trust in one’s ability to care for others.

  It is the belief that our skilled, professional presence can make a difference.

  Confidence is necessary to effectively implement the roles of the nurse as caregiver, teacher,

  counsellor, advocate, leader, manager and researcher.
• Comportment is the professional presentation of us as nurses to others in behavior, attitude,

  appearance, dress and language that communicate a caring presence.
• Commitment is maintaining and elevating the standards and obligations of the nursing

  profession and assuring the delivery of excellence in nursing care. Commitment is the loyal endeavor to devote ourselves to the welfare of patients.
• Creativity is having a vision of how nursing care can be, and making it better. In nursing requires thinking reflectively, critically and imaginatively to create healing

  environments and enhance care-giving practices.
• Teaching

   A system of activities aimed to produce learning.

   Involves dynamic interaction between teacher and learner.

   Trust and respect basically characterize the relationship between the teacher (nurse) and the learner

  (patient).
• Caring is the core and basic foundation for nursing practice. (skills, techniques, specialized language are the trim)
• Learning

   A change in human disposition or capability that persists over a period of time.

   Reflected by a change of behavior.
• Principles of teaching

  
• Behaviorism

   Transfer of knowledge could occur if the new situation closely resembled the old situation.
• Cognitism

   Learning is a complex cognitive (intellectual) activity.

   Learning must be an individualized process.

   People do the best they can for themselves relative to their unique perceptions.
• Humanism

   A natural tendency for people to learn which flourishes in an encouraging environment.

   Involves providing options for the person and the resources and equipment for learning capacity for

  self-determination and freedom to make choices.

   Involves respect for human dignity.
• DOMAINS OF LEARNING

  1. Cognitive domain – Includes intellectual skills.

  2. Affective domain – Includes feelings, emotions, interests, attitudes and appreciation.

  3. Psychomotor domain – Includes motor skills.
• FACTORS INHIBITING LEARNING

  1. Emotions – Depression, anxiety.

  2. Physiologic – pain, acute illness, impaired mobility, decreased level of energy.

  3. Cultural barriers – language barrier, difference in health beliefs, customs and practices.