Mark Gian Reyes

• Society

  The custom beliefs, social forms and traits that define a specific racial, religious or social group
• Material Culture

  Physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture, such as tools and food
• Non-Material Culture


  Ideas, belief, social roles, rules, ethics, and attitudes of a society
• Society


  Groups of people participating in continuous social connection, or a broad social group occupying the same social or spatial territory, normally exposed to the same political power and cultural standards that are dominant
• Socius


  Latin word which means comrade, companion or friend
• Politics


  Branch of social science that studies politics and government
• Politika


  Which means AFFAIRS OF THE CITIES
• Society is normally exposed to the same political power and cultural standards that are dominant
• Politics


  Set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status
• Ethnicity


  Cultural identity based on shared ancestry language and cultural tradition
• Nationality


  Mainly influenced by geographical
• Ethnicity


  Influenced by culture language religion etc.
• SOGIE


  Sexual Orientation Gender Identity and Expression
• Gender


  The socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society consider appropriate for men and women
• LGTBTQI


  Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex
• Socioeconomic Class


  Varies between societies as the ideas associated with being poor or rich differ based on the collective experience of individuals
• Political Identity


  A social category that refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society
• Monotheistic


  Believing only in one God
• Polytheistic


  Believing in the existence of multiple Gods
• Frontal Lobe


  IT IS THE MOTOR CORTEX FUNCTIONS FOR COGNITION AND MOTOR ABILITIES
• Parietal Lobe


  HEARING SKILLS
• Occipital Lobe


  VISUAL SKILLS
• Limbic Lobe


  TOUCH AND TASTE
• 1.4 KG - HUMAN BRAIN WEIGHT
• Vocal Tract


  MECHANISM THAT PRODUCED AND REPRODUCED TO TRANSMIT IDEAS AND VALUES
• Bipedalism


  CAPACITY TO WALK AND STAND ON TWO FETT
• Homo Sapiens


  SCIENTIFIC NAME FOR MODERN HUMANS
• Oldowan Industry


  OLDEST-KNOWN STONE TOOL INDUSTRY
• Acheulean industry


  Stonetool industry of the Lower Paleolithic Period characterized by bifacial stone tools with round cutting edges and typified especially by an almondshaped (amygdaloid) flint hand ax measuring 8–10 in. (20–25 cm) in length and flaked over its entire surface
• Moesterian Dustry


  A Middle Paleolithic culture that is characterized by well-made flake tools often considered the work of Neanderthal man
• The Magdalenian


  stone industry is characterized by small geometrically shaped implements, especially triangles and semilunar blades, that were probably set into bone or antler handles for use, burins, scrapers, borers, backed bladelets, and shouldered and leaf‐shaped projectile points
• Aurignacian Dustry


  toolmaking industry and artistic tradition of Upper Paleolithic Europe
• Homo Habilis


  ANCESTOR OF HOMO SAPIENS
• Bipedalism is ONE OF THE EARLIEST DEFINING HUMAN TRAITS
• Types of Evolution


  • Cultural evolution: Development of culture over time
  • Sociopolitical evolution: Transformation of societies and political systems, often influenced by technological advancements
  • The Neolithic Revolution: Transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural settlements and early civilization
• Theories of State Formation

  • Divine Right Theory: Rulers claim authority based on their perceived connection to supernatural forces
  • Force Theory: Groups assert dominance over others through coercion or conflict
  • Paternalistic Theory: Leadership originates within patriarchal societies, with the father figure as the initial ruler
  • Social Contract: Formation of a state through mutual agreement between rulers and the ruled for security and order
• Democracy


  Governance where ultimate authority rests with the people, often through direct or representative systems
• Democratization


  Process of transitioning towards democratic governance, involving political changes
• Democratization involves both elite-driven and grassroots approaches
• Democratization of Early Civilizations involves transition towards democratic systems in ancient societies