L5 Plant & Animal Respiratory System and Gas Exchange

• Respiration: the process by which organisms exchange gases with their environment.
• Plants have a unique respiratory system that allows them to exchange gases with the environment.
• Key Features of the Plant Respiratory System: Stromata, Guard Cells, Photosynthesis, and Root Respiration.
• Stromata: small openings on the surface of their leaves, stems, and other parts.
• Stromata: allows the exchange of gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Guard Cells: surrounding each stromata, these cells control the opening and closing of the stomata, regulating the exchange of gases and preventing excessive water loss.
• Photosynthesis: a process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen using sunlight.
• Photosynthesis: during this, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
• Root Respiration: Root cells exchange gases with the soil, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
• Animals have a more complex respiratory system compared to plants.
• Animal Respiratory System Key Features: Lungs, Breathing, and Circulatory System
• Lungs: Most animals have this, which are specialized organs for gas exchange.
• Lungs: composed of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where oxygen from the air is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released.
• Breathing: Animals have various mechanisms for breathing, including lungs, gills, and tracheal systems.
• Breathing, Lungs: found in mammals, birds, and reptiles, while gills are present in fish and some amphibians.
• Breathing, Tracheal Systems: found in insects.
• Circulatory System: the respiratory system is closely connected to this.
• Circulatory System: After oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream, it is transported to cells throughout the body, and carbon dioxide produced by cells is carried back to the lungs to be exhaled.
• Gas Exchange: is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released in animals or the other way around for plants.
• Gas Exchange (Plants): occurs primarily through the stomata.
• Gas Exchange (Plants): During the day, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through the stomata.
• Gas Exchange (Plants): At night, the stomata close to prevent water loss, and gas exchange is minimal.
• Gas Exchange (Animals): occurs in specialized respiratory organs such as lungs or gills.
• Gas Exchange (Animals): Oxygen from the environment diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide produced by cells is released into the environment
• Gas Exchange, Transportation: In plants, gases are transported through air spaces in the leaves and stems to reach the cells.
• Gas Exchange, Transportation: In animals, gases are transported through the circulatory system, with oxygen being carried by red blood cells and carbon dioxide being transported back to the lungs.
• Plants primarily use stomata for gas exchange, while animals have specialized respiratory organs like lungs or gills.