ethics

• Solutions to confidentiality

  • Anonymity - Ps as numbers or initials therefore untraceable
  • Debrief - disclose what data is used therefore right to withdraw (if retrospective consent)
• Solutions to informed consent

  • Prior general consent - consent to be in different studies including deception therefore agreeing to be deceived
  • Retrospective consent - post-study consent
  • Presumptive consent - target population Ps give consent therefore it's presumed selected Ps would agree
• Solutions to protection from harm

  • Counselling
  • Debriefing - reassuring Ps that their reactions were normal
  • Cost-benefit analysis - prior to study, 'pros & cons' vs ethics