sts nation building

• Pre-Colonial Period / Pre-Spanish Philippines


  • Science is observed in the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates, and in organizing days into months and years
  • Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigation, and in developing tools that they can use in everyday life
• Colonial Period

  • During Spanish era, the life of the Filipinos slowly became modernized by adapting some of Western technology and their ways of life
  • Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology using indigenous materials such as walls, roads, bridges, and other large infrastructures brought by the Spaniards engineering skills and tools
  • Medicine and advance science were introduced in formal colleges and universities established by the Catholics
  • The American occupation have more influence in the development of science and technology in the Philippines
  • They established government agency, the Bureau of Science, for the sole purpose of nurturing development in the field of science and technology
• Post-Colonial Period / New Republic

  • Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability
  • Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific productivity and technological capability
  • Human resource development is at the heart of focusing on producing more engineers, scientists, technology experts, doctrines and other professionals in the country
  • The development of S&T in the Philippines is shaped by human and social activities, both internal and external influences which may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in the development of the Philippine society
• Technology


  Always linked with development phase. Thus, for development to happen, science and technology must go together
• Science


  The study of knowledge, which is made into a system and depends on analyzing and understanding facts
• Technology


  Basically application of scientific knowledge
• Modernization in every aspect of life is the greatest example of the implementation of science and technology
• The influence of Science and Technology for the development of the Philippine nation may able to sustain the lives there and may have to solely depend on our nation rather than other nations for basic requirements
• Contribution of Science and Technology in Society

  • Science affects virtually everyone
  • The impact of technological inventions on individual people, communities, and environment must be carefully considered
  • The power of science to bring about changes places a duty on scientists to proceed with great caution both in what they do and what they say
  • Good scientific communication via the mass media is especially important in those areas directly and strongly affecting people's lives
  • Science in the developing world such as the Philippines, differ from that in the industrialized world
  • Science today seems caught in a cross-fire between two opposing world views
• Contribution of Science and Technology in Environment

  • Scientific knowledge, technological developments, infrastructures and productive capabilities, educated and skilled human resources, entrepreneurial skills, commercial organizations and a rapidly expanding global social network offer unprecedented opportunities for rapid social progress
  • The principal reasons behind the significant gap between the developing world and the developed world is lack of technology
  • New technology which will boost food production, improve infrastructure, improve healthcare and provide sanitation facilities could change the quality of life in the developing world
• The Philippine government introduced implemented several programs, projects and policies to boost the area of science and technology
• The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science
• Department of Science and Technology (DOST)


  Kagawaran ng Agham at Teknolohiya is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for the coordination of science and technology-related projects in the Philippines in the fields of science and technology in support of national development
• Existing programs supported by the Philippine government through the DOST

  • Overseas Development Aid (ODA) – providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology
  • Providing scholarship for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in the field of science and technology - to produce more doctoral graduates in the field of science and technology
  • Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for training young Filipinos in the field of science and technology
  • Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home and work in the Philippines
  • Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage academe and industry partnerships
  • The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex within the University of the Philippines Campus in Dilliman
• National Science and Technology Plan 2002-2020

  • Pursuit of a niche and formation of clusters
  • Efforts to tackle urgent national issues (poverty, inadequate food, water and energy, housing and employment, low income, low productivity, devastation, cyber terrorism, and fragile governance)
  • Cultivation of human resources in the fields of science and technology
  • Provision of Support small to mediocre enterprise
  • Promotion of technology transfer and utilization
  • Building and upgrading of infrastructure in the fields of science and technology
  • Enhancement of the relationship between government, industry, academic and society, and foreign countries
  • Improvement of administrative ability in the fields of science and technology
  • Fostering of scientific, technological, and innovative culture
• Expected Outcomes to be pursued from the implementation of the strategies

  • Science based expertise and tools for achieving world class productivity in the field of agriculture
  • Revolutionary, cost-effective and appropriate technologies for small to medium companies to develop and produce world class competitive products
  • State of the art facilities and equipment for achieving a world class competitive edge while the improving the values chains of domestic technologies
  • The Philippines as a world leader in the IT field
  • Transforming government based on ICT in a manner that widens access to government services
  • Improving medical care by scientific innovation
  • Fostering highly capable and world competitive human resources in the fields of science and technology through national science and technology programs
  • Providing sciencebased weather and climate information along with impact assessment results
• Major Developments in S&T in the Philippines

  • Storm surge modelling, training and study visits National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientific centers
  • Registered 1.3million fisher folk to give them access to GPH basic services and help in fisheries conservation
  • Helped the Philippines to improve its ability to respond to natural disasters and adapt to the negative impacts of climate change by setting up EWS in flood and landslide prone communities
  • Introduced mobile and web-based applications technology
  • Promoted digital literacy
  • Helped create an electronic medical record system, which facilitated access to 300,000 patients and generated 700,000 patient consultations, significantly improving delivery of health services and advise
  • Initiated support for researching utilization of Oxytocin in Uniject. This proven, innovative technology aims to reduce the number of maternal deaths in the Philippines
  • Supported research in tuberculosis (TB) in children and the relationship of tobacco and TB to children
  • Use of renewable energy and environment-friendly alternative energy realizing its guiding vision of "Energy Access for More"
  • Assisted Batangas City in more effective and sustainable local planning
  • Addressed increasing levels of emissions due to rapid urbanization
• Science education deals with the development of people in science, which is the heart of science, technology, and society
• Science education deals with teaching and learning of science and in helping the public develop science literacy
• Science Education in Basic Education

  • Science education helps students learn important concepts and facts that are related to everyday life including important skills such as process skills, critical thinking skills, and life skills that are needed in coping up with daily life activities
  • Science education will develop a strong foundation for studying science and for considering science-related careers in the future
• Science Education in Tertiary Education

  • Science education in this level focuses on the preparation of science teachers, scientist, engineers, and other professionals in various science-related fields such as engineering, agriculture, medicine, and health sciences
  • The state provides scholarship to encourage more students to pursue science courses
• Science Schools in the Philippines

  • Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
  • Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project
• Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)


  This is a government program for gifted students in the Philippines. It is a service institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) whose mandate is to offer free scholarship basis for secondary course with special emphasis on subjects pertaining to the sciences, with the end-view of preparing its students for science career (Republic No. 3661)
• Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project


  This project is a pursuance to DepEd Order no. 73 s. 2008 and DepEd Order no. 51 s. 2010. It started in June 2007 with 57 identified elementary schools that participated or were identified as science elementary schools in the country, until today it grow more than 60 schools nationwide and now its sixth year of implementation
• Aims: To develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and technological knowledge
• Science schools in the Philippines

  • Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
  • Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project
  • Quezon City Regional Science High School
  • Manila Science High School (MSHS)
  • Central Visayan Institute Foundation
• Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)


  Government program for gifted students in the Philippines, service institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to offer free scholarship for secondary course with special emphasis on science subjects
• Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project


  Pursuance to DepEd Order no. 73 s. 2008 and DepEd Order no. 51 s. 2010, started in June 2007 with 57 identified elementary schools, now more than 60 schools nationwide
• Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project


  • Aims to develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and technological knowledge, skills, and values
  • Provide a learning environment to science-inclined children through a special curriculum that recognizes the multiple intelligence of the learners, promote the development of lifelong learning skills, foster the holistic development of the learners
• Quezon City Regional Science High School


  Established on Sept. 17, 1967, originally named Quezon City Science High School, turned into a regional science high school for the National Capital Region in 1999, teaches basic education courses prescribed by the DepEd for secondary education, established for special science school for talented students or science-gifted students in science and mathematics to develop spirit of inquiry and creativity
• Manila Science High School (MSHS)


  Established on October 1, 1963 as the first science high school in the Philippines, aims to produce scientist with soul, producing outstanding alumni and for winning various national competition, curriculum puts more emphasis on science and mathematics, humanities courses and other electives are included, students encouraged to participate in various extra curricular activities
• Central Visayan Institute Foundation

  Home and pioneer of the Dynamic Learning Program (DLP), a synthesis of classical and modern pedagogical theories adapted to foster the highest level of learning, creativity, and productivity, has a Research Center for Theoretical Physics (RCTP) established in 1992 which organizes small international workshops to foster the informal but intense exchange of ideas and perspectives on outstanding problem in physics and mathematics
• Indigenous

  Refers to native; originating or occurring naturally in a particular place
• Indigenous science


  The science knowledge of all peoples who, as participants in culture, are affected by the worldview and interests of their home communities and homelands
• Indigenous science


  • Uses science process skills such as observing, comparing, classifying, measuring, problem solving, inferring, communicating, and predicting
  • Guided by culture and community values such as the land which is a source of life and a precious gift from the creator
  • Composed of traditional knowledge practiced and valued by people and communities such as ethno-biology, ethno-medicine, indigenous farming method and folk astronomy
• Indigenous knowledge system


  Indigenous knowledge is embedded in daily life experiences of young children as they grow up in a society where the members of the community prominently practice indigenous knowledge, their parents and other older folks served as their first teachers and their methods of teaching are very effective in transmitting cultural knowledge, the lessons they learned are intimately interwove with their culture and environment
• Examples of indigenous knowledge

  • Prediction of weather
  • Using herbal medicine
  • Preserving of foods
  • Classifying plants and animals into families
  • Selecting good seeds for planting
• Examples of indigenous knowledge using indigenous technology


  • Building local irrigation
  • Classifying different types of soil for planting
  • Producing wines from tropical fruits
  • Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables
• Filipino great men and women in science and technology

  • Reina Reyes (astrophysicist)
  • Irene Crisologo (radar meteorologist)
  • Andreia Carillo (astrophysicist)
  • Sarah Oliva (geophysicist)
  • Migs Canilao (anthropologist and archeologist)
  • Julius Sempio (specialist in geoinformatics and remote sensing)
  • Kamela Ng (molecular epidemiologist)
• Famous Filipino biologists

  • Angel C. Alcala
  • Benjamin D. Cabrera
  • Pedro B. Escuro
  • Edgardo Gomez
  • Bienvenido O. Juliano
  • Milagrosa R. Martinez
  • Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza
  • Baldomero Olveria Jr.
  • Eduardo Quisumbing
  • Asuncion Raymundo
  • Reynaldo A. Tabada
  • Carmen Velasquez
  • Benito S. Vergara
  • Prescillano M. Zamora