Chem but wla lang

• Intermolecular Forces


  Forces that exist between molecules
• London dispersion force


  Type of reaction that exists between two nonpolar molecules
• Methane has London dispersion force
• Dipole-dipole Interaction


  General type of reaction that exists between two polar molecules and influences their physical properties
• Ion-dipole interaction


  Type of interaction between an ion and polar molecules
• Ion-dipole interaction is the major intermolecular force that contributes to the dissolution of NaCl in water
• Hydrogen Bonding


  Type of interaction that exist between a hydrogen and electronegative pair of atom
• Hydrogen Bonding is present in hydrofluoric acid (HF)
• Rate Law


  Expresses the relationship of the rate of reaction to the rate constant and the concentration of the reactants raised to same powers
• Hess laws


  States that the enthalpy for a reaction is the same whether the reaction takes place in one or a series of steps
• Ionic solid


  Composed of cations and anions held together by electrostatic forces
• Metallic solid


  A compound made up of metal atoms being held together by metallic bonds
• Metallic solid


  • Sodium (Na)
• Molecular solid


  Composed of discrete molecules held together by intermolecular forces
• Molecular solid


  • Frozen water (H2O)
  • Sucrose (C12H22O11)
• Network solid (covalent solid)

  A substance made up of an array of repeating covalently bonded atoms
• Network solid

  • Diamond
  • Silica (SiO2)
• Adhesion


  An attraction that is present in liquid molecules climbing up to the walls of the test tube
• Adhesion means the water likes to stick to other things
• Cohesion


  The attraction of liquid to itself (water likes to stick to itself)
• Density


  Describes how much space an object or substance takes up (its volume) in relation to the amount of matter in that object or substance (its mass)
• Specific heat

  The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius
• Water has a high specific heat, meaning it takes more energy to increase the temperature of water compared to other substances
• State function


  Refers to the properties determined by the phase of a system, regardless of how a condition is achieved
• Surface area


  The area of the chemical substances used in chemical reaction
• In chemical reactions, powdered form of the substances are preferred as it increases the reactivity of chemicals making the reaction happen faster
• Catalyst


  A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, or lowers the temperature or pressure needed to start one, without itself being consumed during the reaction
• Adding a catalyst facilitates a reaction
• Presence of Catalyst


  Increases the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
• Increasing temperature


  Increases the average speed of the reactants molecules, resulting in faster formation of products
• Concentration


  The quantity of solute that is contained in a particular quantity of solvent or solution
• Entropy


  A measure of how much the energy of atoms and molecules become more spread out in a process