urine microscopic examination

• colorless, homogenous smooth cast - hyaline
• cast that contains undifferentiated granules - granular
• cast two to six times wider than normal - broad
• cast with clear matrix with visible cells - cellular
• cast with yellow color with brittle edges - waxy
• coffin lid or gold brick-shaped crystal - triple phosphate
• crystal that appears as flat plates with notched corners - cholesterol
• crystal that appears as a sheath of silky, fine needle - tyrosine
• crystal with envelope appearance - calcium oxalate
• crystal that is four-sided or diamond shaped - uric acid
• Normal crystals found in acidic urine includes calcium oxalate, amorphous urates and: uric acid
• The formation of casts occurs primarily in the: renal tubules
• For identification of the type of cast, use: high power and phase contrast
• In order to observe microscopic elements with a low refractive index, the condenser on a bright-field microscope is lowered to reduct light
• Identification of oval fat bodies can be made using: polarized light
• A patient with a Kidney stone will most likely show a urine microscopic exam with: RBCs & RBC casts
• To differentiate a red blood cell from a yeast cell, look for the presence of: budding in the yeast cells
• Ghost red blood cells occur in: dilute alkaline urine
• Casts found in a urine sediment are formed in the sequence: hyaline, cellular, granular, waxy
• Oval Fat Bodies are: RTE cells containing absorbed fat globules
• Damage to the glomerular membrane should be suspected when the urine sediment contains: granular casts
• In dilute alkaline urine, red blood cells and hyaline casts will: dissolve
• The most common type of Broad cast is: waxy
• Broad casts are formed: in the collecting ducts
• For standardization of results, an adequate estimation of elements in urine sediment requires examination of: at least 10 microscopic fields
• The crystal considered to be nonpathological is: Ca oxalate
• Hyaline casts may be present: after physiological stress
• White blood cells should be reported: as average number seen in 10 high power fields
• In a urine microscopic examination, red blood cells: appear as greenish tinted disks
• Round refractile globules noted on bright field examination of urinary sediment were birefringent with polarized light and appeared as perfect Maltese crosses. They are most likely: fat globules
• Characteristics of casts include: both A & B are correct
• Caudate epithelial cells are also referred to as: transitional cells
• The least significant casts of all casts and can be considered "normal" is: hyaline
• The most common parasite found in the urine is: trichomonas
• The urinary cast associated with renal failure is: broad
• For standardization of microscopic results of urine sediment, the volume of urine for centrifugation is: 10-12 mLs
• Squamous epithelial cells are reported on: low power as few, moderate, many
• The presence of white blood cells in the urine is associated with: infection/inflammation
• All casts are typically formed from the protein: Tamm-Horsfall
• On urine microscopic, the tech reports an average of 3 - 5 white blood cells per high-power field. This report is: within normal limits