HA 3F

• Aspects of care that nurses must respond to regardless of patient's age

  • Safety
  • Privacy
  • Confidentiality
  • Comfort
  • Pain management
  • Choices and control
  • Involvement of family and/or significant others
• Aspects of care that vary greatly with the age of the patient


  • Performing physical assessment and interpreting the findings
  • Administrating medication
  • Assessing and addressing nutritional status
  • Communicating
  • Involving the patient in care and decision making
  • Providing instruction and education
  • Selecting medical equipment and supplies
  • Assisting the patient to cope with hospitalization
  • Assessing risk for injury and instituting preventive measures
• Pregnancy is unintended
• Pregnancy is usually occurs to individuals who engage themselves to sexual relationships just for fun. In Layman's term they are called FUBU
• Learning the pregnancy is a multiple, not a single one
• When a couple expects to have a single kid but learns that they are expecting twins, triplets, or quadruplets, it could have an impact on their financial situation and make it tough to accept the pregnancy in the long run
• Learning the fetus has a developmental abnormality
• Couples anticipate to have a healthy baby, only to discover that the pregnancy or the growing fetus is expected to have congenital malformations or abnormalities. It may cause emotional strain for the marriage, but we must never forget that every child is a blessing
• Pregnancy is less than 1 year after a previous one
• The couple is still adjusting with their current situation/baby and then suddenly the woman is already pregnant less than one year to their current child
• Family has to relocate during pregnancy
• The woman will move to another town and then she's not yet familiar with the environment so of course she will be facing difficulties to adjust with her new environment
• Family support has a very important role for the pregnant woman to adjust to her new environment
• The woman has a role reversal
• The woman is a bread winner of the family and then suddenly she got pregnant and of course ideally the woman should stay at home to have her bedrest, to relax, and to cause stress during her pregnancy
• The main family support person suffers a job loss
• The pregnant woman's husband was fired by his company and then the couple will be facing financial difficulties that can stress them out
• The woman's relationship ends because of partner infidelity
• Cheating. Can also be about the pregnant woman's infidelity
• There is a major illness in self, partner, or a relative
• There is loss of a significant other
• Complications of pregnancy occur, such as severe hypertension
• When a pregnant woman is hypertensive throughout her pregnancy, then during the labor she's still hypertensive then she's expected to have a cesarean delivery
• The woman has a series of devaluing experiences such as failure in school or work
• Teenage pregnancy
• 1st Trimester Task: Accepting the pregnancy


  1. The woman and her partner both spend time recovering from the surprise of learning they are pregnant and concentrate on what it feels like to be pregnant

  2. A common reaction is ambivalence, or feeling both pleased and not pleased about the pregnancy

  3. The woman and her partner move through emotions such as narcissism and introversion as they concentrate on what it will feel like to be a parent

  4. Role-playing and increased dreaming are common
• 2nd Trimester Task: Accepting the fetus


  The woman and her partner prepare clothing and sleeping arrangements for the baby, but also grow impatient as they ready themselves for birth
• Narcissism


  An early reaction to pregnancy where the woman who previously perhaps was barely conscious of her body who dressed in the morning with little thought about what to wear suddenly begins to concentrate on these aspects of her life
• Introversion


  Turning inward to concentrate on the pregnancy
• Psychological changes during pregnancy

  • Grief
  • Narcissism
  • Introversion versus Extroversion
  • Body Image and Boundary
  • Stress
  • Depression
  • Couvade Syndrome
  • Emotional Lability
  • Changes in Sexual Desire
  • Changes in the Expectant Family
• Presumptive symptoms of pregnancy

  • Breast changes
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Amenorrhea
  • Frequent urination
  • Fatigue
  • Uterine enlargement
  • Quickening
  • Linea nigra
  • Melasma
  • Striae gravidarum
• Probable signs of pregnancy

  • Maternal serum test
  • Chadwick's sign
  • Goodell's sign
  • Hegal's sign
  • Sonographic evidence of gestational sac
  • Ballottement
  • Braxton Hicks contractions
  • Fetal outline felt by the examiner
• Positive signs of pregnancy

  • Sonographic evidence of fetal outline
  • Fetal heart audible
  • Fetal movement felt by examiner
• Physiologic changes during pregnancy

  • Cardiovascular changes
  • Ovarian changes
  • Uterine changes
  • Cervical changes
  • Vaginal changes
  • Musculoskeletal changes
  • Pigmentation changes
  • Kidney changes
  • Gastrointestinal changes
  • Thyroid changes
• Components of health history for first pregnancy visit

  • Demographic data
  • Chief concern
  • Family and social profile
  • Past medical history
  • Gynecologic history
  • Obstetric history
  • Review of systems
• Components of physical examination for first pregnancy visit

  • Baseline data
  • System assessment
  • Pelvic examination
• Components of laboratory assessment for first pregnancy visit

  • Blood test
  • Urinalysis
  • Tuberculosis test
  • Ultrasound
• Leopold's maneuver


  A systematic method of observation and palpation to determine fatal presentation and position and are done as part of a physical examination
• Elements of Leopold's maneuver

  • Fetal presentation
  • Fetal lie
  • Fetal attitude
  • Fetal position
• Presentation


  The chin (mentum [M])