blood

• Blood


  Liquid connective tissue consists of cells surrounded by a liquid extracellular matrix
• Functions of blood


  • Transportation
  • Regulation
  • Protection
• Blood

  • Denser and more viscous than water
  • Temperature: 38 degrees Celsius
  • pH: alkaline (7.35-7.45)
  • Color: Bright red - oxygenated, Dark red - unsaturated with O2
  • Volume: Male - 5-6 liters, Female - 4-5 liters
• Blood components


  • Blood plasma (55%)
  • Formed elements (45%)

  
• Blood plasma components


  • Proteins
  • Water
  • Other solutes
• Formed elements

  • Platelets
  • White blood cells
  • Red blood cells
• Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)


  Biconcave discs, Diameter: 7-8 micrometer, Lack nucleus and other organelles, Specialized for oxygen transport, RBC live only about 120 days

  
• White blood cell classification

  • Granular (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
  • Agranular (Lymphocytes, monocytes)

  
• Neutrophils


  • 2-5 lobes of nucleus, Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and fungi
• Eosinophils


  • Bilobed nucleus, Kill parasites and allergic response
• Basophils


  • Bilobed or trilobed nucleus, Inflammatory response
• Lymphocytes


  • Eccentric nucleus, Kill viruses; make antibodies
• Monocytes


  • Kidney-shaped nucleus, Remove dead cells, Differentiate into macrophages
• Platelets (Thrombocytes)


  • Life span: 5-9 days, Promote blood clotting, Aged and dead platelets are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver

  
• ABO Blood Group


  Surfaces of erythrocytes contain a genetically determined assortment of antigens composed of glycoproteins and glycolipids

  
• Rh Blood Group


  • Rh Positive (RBC with Rh antigen, Without Rh antibody)
  • Rh Negative (RBC lack Rh antigen, With Rh antibody)
• Blood Typing and Cross-matching