Nervous System

• Legionnaires' Disease


  Type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria.
• Legionella pneumophila 


  Found in water.
• Legionella longbeachae


  Found in soil.
• Meningococcal Diseases


  Contagious diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
• Septicaemia


  Bacteria enter your bloodstream and cause blood poisoning.
• Sepsis


  When body damages its own tissue and organs in response to infection.
• Meningitis


  Inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
• Q Fever


  Infection caused by Bacterium coxiella burnetti. High fever with chills or sweats.
• Tuberculosis 


  Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An infectious diseases that most often damages your lungs, but can affect any part of your body.
• Latent TB Infection 


  When the infected person does not get sick because the immune system is able to control the infection.
• Active TB Infection 


  When TB bacteria multiply and the immune system cannot control them.
• Whooping Cough (Pertussis)


  Bacterial infection that spreads from one person to another. It causes severe bouts of coughing.
• Cytokine Storm


  Excessive immune response
• Intrinsic Immune Response 


  Cellular mechanisms that combat virus within infected cells.
• Innate Immune Response 


  Non-Specific defense mechanisms that act to limit the spread of virus and activate the adaptive immune system.
• Acquired Immune Response 


  Highly specific to the particular virus and involves the production of antibodies by B cells and activation of T cells.
• Enterovirus


  Causes Aseptic meningitis, Poliomyelitis, Encephalitis.
• Aseptic Meningitis 


  Inflammation of Meninges
• Poliomyelitis 


  Infect the body causing paralysis.
• Encephalitis 


  Inflammation of the brain.
• Rabies


  Causes Encephalitis and death. Saliva of infected animals.
• Cytomegalovirus 


  Can cause neurological complications in Immunocompromised individuals. (Encephalitis, Ventriculitis, Myelitis.)
• Ventriculitis 


  Inflammation of the Ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles.
• Myelitis


  Inflammation of the spinal cord.
• Cerebral Amoebic Abcess


  Caused by: Entamoeba histolytica.

  Symptoms: HIV/AIDS, Heart defects.

  Transmission: Ingestion of cysts in feces.
• Naegleria fowleri


  Brain - eating amoeba
• Primary Amoebic Encephalitis 


  Cause: Naegleria fowleri

  Symptoms: Immunodeficiency and Diabetes.

  Transmission: Enters through Nose.
• Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis 


  Cause: Naegleria fowleri

  Symptoms: Destroys brain tissue.

  Transmission: Invades nasal mucosa
• Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis 


  Cause: Acanthamoeba castellanii

  Symptoms: HIV, lymphoma, malnutrition, cirrhosis, Diabetes.

  Transmission: Via nasal route to lungs where they cross blood-brain barrier
• Cerebral Malaria


  Cause: Plasmodium sp.

  Symptoms: Seizures, coma

  Transmission: Anopheline Mosquito
• Cerebral Toxoplasmosis 


  Cause: Toxoplasma gondii

  Symptoms: AIDS, HIV, abscess formation

  Transmission: Ingesting raw meat
• Congenital Toxoplasmosis 


  Cause: Toxoplasma gondii

  Symptoms: Premature delivery, fetal death

  Transmission: transplacental acquisition
• Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)


  Cause: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

  Symptoms: sleep disruption, confusion, lethargy.

  Transmission: Tsetse flies.
• Rickettsial Infection 


  Spotted fever group, Typhus group, Scrub typhus group. Spread through ticks, fleas, or lice.
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever


  Cause: R. rickettsii.

  Symptoms: Severe headache, fever, chills, restlessness, back stiffness.
• Mediterranean spotted fever 


  Cause: R. conorii

  Symptoms: exanthematous febrile illness, Meningitis, Myocaarditis
• Japanese spotted fever group


  Cause: R. japonica

  Symp: high fever, rash, eschar, seizure
• African Tick Bite fever 


  Cause: R. africae

  Symp: mild and self-limiting
• Epidemic Typhus


  Cause: R. prowazekii

  Symp: agutated delirium, seizures, confusion, coma, tinnitus, deafness, dysphoria.
• Murine Typhus


  Cause: R. typhi

  Symp: mild illness

  Trans: by rat flea