SCIENCE QUARTER 1

• Matter

  - anything that has mass and takes up space.
• mass

  -the actual weight of an object

  weight

  -the combination of mass and gravity.
• elements

  -elements are pure substances that consist of only 1 atom
• compound

  -compouds are substances formed when 2 or more different elements are chemically combined in fix ratios.
• physical change

  -this change afects the form or appearance of a substance But does not change its chemical composition.

  
  

  Chemical change

  -this change alters the chemical composition of a substance creating a new substances with different properties.
• Mixture

  -mixture are combinations of 2 or more substances where each substance retain its own properties.

  Pure substances

  -pure substances consist of only 1 type of substance.They can be either elements or compounds.
• + proton

  -electron

  +- neutron
• Homogeneous mixture

  -it has a uniform composition

  -It has only 1 phase.

  -its components are not visible.

  -It cannot be seperated out physically

  -The mixture is stable(the particles do not settle down).

  -Its particular size is of ten at atomic or molecular level

  -some of mixture examples are milk shakes,blended vegetable juice,sugar dissolve in coffee,alcohol in water,and alloys like steel.
• Heterogeneous mixture

  -it has non uniform composition.

  -there are 2 or more phases.

  -its individual components are visible.

  -it can be separated out physically.

  -the mixture is unstable(the particles settle down).

  -it havce large particle size.

  -some of mixture examples are ice cubes(before they melt)in soda,cereal in milk,various toppings on a pizza,toppings in frozen yogurt,a box of assorted nuts and a mixture of oil and water.
• A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.
• Diluted solution:This has a small amount of solute relative to the solvent.In a diluted solution,the concentration of the solute is low.
• Soluble:A substance is soluble if it can dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous solution.

  Insoluble:A substance is insoluble if cannot dissolve in a solvent,meaning it does not form a solution.
• miscible: 2 liquids are miscible if they mix together in any proportion to form a single homogeneous phase.

  immiscible:2 liquids are immiscible if they do not mix together and form a separate layers when combined.
• Solubility

  maximum of a solute substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
• Solution?


  A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.

  All homogeneous mixture are solutions.
• Suspension?


  A heterogeneous mixture of undissolve particles.

  All heterogeneous mixture are suspensions
• Colloid?


  Intermediate state between a solution and suspension.
• SOLUTION

  -Homogeneous mixture

  -particles size is 0.01-1 nm

  -particles dont separate on standing

  -particles cant separate by filtration

  -particles dont scatter light.
• COLLOID

  -heterogeneous mixture

  -particles size is 1-1000 nm

  -particles dont separate on standing

  -particles cant separate on standing

  -particles can scatter light.
• SUSPENSION

  -heterogeneous mixture

  -particles size is greater than 1000 nm

  -particles separate on standing

  -particles can be separated by filtration

  -particles may or may not scatter light.
• Distillation is a separating mixtures technique that is used mainly to extract a mixture of solid found in a liquid