Beh assumption - conditioning

• State what the 2nd assumption is

  -The B.A beleives that we learn behaviour throught 2 different conditioning techniques
• Explain what the 2nd assumption is using classical conditioning


  -there are 2 types of conditioning which are classical and operant

  -classical conditioning is learnt through association

  -E.g Pavlovs dogs
• In the explain how was Pavlovs dogs taught through classical conditioning

  -UCS food caused the dogs to salivate UCR

  -UCS food + NS bell = dogs to salivate

  -CS bell = dogs salivate CR
• Provide an EXAMPLE to further explain assumption 2 for classical conditioning

  -feeling scared and pain when someone hits you is a UCR no one taught you this

  -If a NS like a song plays when someone hits you, if that same song plays you may get scared

  -this is because you have associated being hit with the song playing
• Explain the 2nd assumption using operant conditioning and reinforcement

  -new behaviour are learnt through reinforcement and consequences focuses on reward and punishment

  -reinforcement is something that could persuade you to act out that behaviour again

  -E.g Skinners (1938) Rats and Pigeons

  -positive reinforcement is when something is given

  -negative reinforcement is when something is taken away
• Give an example that further explains the second approach

  -positive reinforcement is adding something positive in order to increase a response

  -negative reinforcement is taking something negative away in order to increase a response
• How does skinner provide an example of positive reinforcement

  -when the rat would pull the lever a food pellet would be released

  -if the lever was pulled again by accident a pellet would come out

  -soon enough the rats would alter its behaviour to keep on receiving the food pellets

  -however if that food pellet was changed to a shock then the rat would learn not to pull it