The genome

• What is DNA?

  A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides, in the form of a double helix
• What are the monomers of DNA?

  Nucleotides
• What are DNA nucleotides made up of?

  Common sugar

  Phosphate group

  One of the four bases ( A, T, C or G)
• Full names of the four bases found in nucleotides

  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• Define genome.

  The entire genetic material of an organism
• Why do you add detergent to crushed fruit during DNA extraction?

  To break down cell membranes.
• Why is salt added to the crushed fruit during DNA extraction?

  To encourage the precipitation of DNA
• Why is chilled ethanol added in DNA extraction?

  DNA is insoluble in ethanol so it helps to precipitate DNA.
• What is protein synthesis?

  The formation of a protein from a gene
• Two stages of protein synthesis

  Transcription

  Translation