Protein synthesis

• tRNA has an anticodon sequence at one end and amino acid binding site on another end
• The mRNA molecule is made up of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts - the nitrogenous base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine or Guanine), sugar deoxyribose and phosphate group.
• mRNA has a single strand that carries information from DNA to ribosomes
• During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of gene and unwinds double stranded DNA to form single-strand template.
• mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.
• the codons on mRNA are read by tRNAs with complementary anti-codons
• each tRNA carries only one specific type of amino acid
• a polypeptide chain forms when the amino acids join together via peptide bonds between carboxyl groups and amino groups
• Transcription occurs when RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand and adds complementary bases to the growing RNA chain.
• Translation involves the decoding of genetic information carried by mRNA into protein sequences using tRNAs as adaptors between mRNA codons and specific amino acids.
• a polypeptide chain forms as the amino acids join together through peptide bonds