Transition metals

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Cards (44)

  • Transition element
    elements with an incomplete d-subshell that can form at least one stable ion with an incomplete sub shell
  • Electron configuration of chromium
    [Ar] 4s1 3d5
  • Electron configuration of copper
    [Ar] 4s1 3d10
  • Why do chromium and copper have different electron configurations than the pattern
    As half full and full d-subshells are energetically more stable
  • Properties of transition elements
    -Variable oxidation states-Form complex ions-Form coloured compounds-Behave as catalysts
  • Complex ion
    A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds
  • How can transition elements act as catalysts?

    They can change oxidation states by gaining or losing electrons within their d orbitals. This means they can transfer electrons to speed up reactions. They are good at adsorbing substances onto their surfaces to lower the activation energy.
  • Co-ordination number
    The number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion
  • Monodentate ligand
    Can form one dative covalent bond to the central metal ion
  • Bidentate ligand
    Can form two dative covalent bonds to the central metal ion as it containing 2 atoms with lone pairs of electrons
  • Octahedral complexes
    • 6 coordinate bonds, 90 bond angles
  • Tetrahedral complexes

    • 4 coordinate bonds, 109.5° bond angles
  • Square planar complexes
    • 4 coordinate bonds, 90° bond angles, only for Ni, Pd and Pt
  • Optical isomer

    Non-superimposable mirror images
  • Complex ions with optical isomerism
    • Octahedral complexes with bidentate ligands
  • How cis-platin acts as an anti-cancer drug
    Binds to cystine and guanine which distorts the shape of DNA and prevents DNA replication so mitosis can't occur
  • Adverse effects of cis-platin as a cancer drug
    Binds to healthy cells so can cause side-effects such as hair loss
  • Ligand substitution
    When one ligand in a complex is replaced by another
  • Ligand substitution makes complexes more stable than the original
  • Ligand substitution does not change the coordination number and geometry if the ligands are a similar size, if there is a large difference in size like water and chlorine, the coordination number and geometry will change
  • Transition element ion in solution
    Is a hexaaqua complex ion
  • Why does the coordination number and geometry change in the reaction from hexaaqua copper(II) to [CuCl4]2-?

    As chloride ions are larger that water molecules so only 4 are able to bond to the central metal ion, geometry changes from octahedral to tetrahedral
  • Number of OH- substituted is the same as the charge on the initial ion