Structural economic change

• Birmingham basics:

  • situated between London and Manchester
  • 2 nd largest population - 1 million
• Key private players of Birmingham in past

  factories

  1760s - ' Boulton ' - industrial engineering

  1900s - ' Austin car ' -vehicle industry
• Deindustrialisation in birmingham 1970s

  • unions were players involved in decline
  • strikes reduced potential investments
  • 20% unemployment rate
  • decentralisation left ageing population
  • emigration of young work force reduced city capita
  • de-multiplier effect
  • global shift to tertiary sector - decreased demands of metal goods due end of war
• Key players in Birmingham - communities

  • international migration from India and Pakistan
  • changing place perceptions - mosques and temples
• Regeneration of Birmingham (Player - Government)

  • construction of National exhibition centre
  • expansion of Birmingham international airport - increases global connections
  • EU social investment of £230 million - improve insulation/ infrastructure in social homes
• Regeneration of Birmingham (Player - universities)

  • students provide market production
  • increase youthful population
  • roughly 50,000 /year
• Regeneration of Birmingham (Player - Flagships)

  • international convention centre
  • Symphony hall
  • attracts international conferences - multiplier effect
  • Creative quarter investments
  • 2026 BBC staff move in
• Regeneration of Birmingham (Player - Environment conservatives)

  • River trust
  • Brindley place
  • help overcome north south divide and increase aesthetics of city
• Regeneration of Birmingham (Player - Transport )

  • £700 in new street station links to M6 and M1
  • HS2 - connects London and Birmingham