Composers

• Franz Peter Schubert


  Born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria, died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31 because of syphilis
• Schubert's compositions


  • Lieder (they had a powerful dramatic impact on the listeners)
  • Last of the classical composers and one of the first romantic ones
• Giuseppe Verdi


  Born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813, Verdi's name associated with Romantic opera
• Characteristics/styles of Verdi's compositions


  • Almost all of his works are serious love story with unhappy ending
  • Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera
• Giacomo Puccini


  Born in a poor family on December 22, 1858 in Lucca, Italy, studied at the Milan Conservatory, belonged to a group of composers who stressed realism, drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes from mythology and history
• Richard Wagner


  • Introduced new ideas in harmony and in form, including extremes of chromaticism
• Georges Bizet


  His most famous opera is "Carmen"
• Bizet's compositions


  • Carmen opera overture
• Components of opera

  • Libretto
  • Score
  • Recitative
  • Aria
  • Duet, trio, and other small ensemble
  • Chorus
  • Acts
  • Scene
• Vocal techniques and terms

  • A Capella
  • Cantabile
  • Capo
  • Coda
  • Dolce
  • Falsetto
  • Glissando
  • Passagio
  • Rubato
  • Tessitura
  • Vibrato
• Bel Canto


  Opera technique, singing with your mouth and throat wide open and used with the proper breath support to project the voice through the entire hall
• Opera singers


  Often sing in Italian, French, German, or Russian