Psychology Chapters 14-16

• Asylums


  Created to "help" individuals
• Dorothea Dix


  • Reformed mental health care in the U.S.
• Change occurred


  1960's
• Informed consent


  Expectations are set where everyone knows the rules with the individual consenting to them (intake)
• Psychotherapy: help someone overcome personal problems or attain personal growth
• Biomedical Therapies


  Cause of mental illness is biological
• Freud


  Unconscious - there is an unconscious mind that's not made us aware of it
• Freud


  • Focuses on early childhood
• Free association


  Idea is given and the individual talks about what comes to mind
• Dream analysis

  Looking for patterns in dreams
• Behavior Therapy


  Focuses on principles of learning to elicit change
• Behavior Therapy


  • Skinner, Pavlov + Watson
• Classical conditioning therapies

  Watson + little albert
• Operant Conditioning

  Rewards + punishments
• Mary Cover Jones


  • If one learns a fear you can unlearn it
• Exposure therapy


  Paired a rabbit and a nice snack and once he gets calmer - the rabbit will get closer
• Systematic Desensitization


  Slowly increases levels of anxiety inducing stimuli in the presence of a calming state
• Cognitive Therapy


  Thoughts + beliefs - how you think about the problem
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy


  Combination of cognitive + behavioral therapy
• Humanistic Therapy


  Belief that all are innately good but not all have the right environment
• Humanistic Therapy


  • Rogers
• Informed consent


  Expectations are set where everyone knows the rules with the individual consenting to them
• psycho therapy: overcome personal problems or attain personal growth
• Biomedical Therapies mental illness is biological
• Freud

  there is an unconscious mind that's not made us aware of it
• Stress


  • Something that causes a certain reaction (stimulus based definition)
  • A physiological response that occurs (response based definition)
• Primary appraisal


  Challenge or threat
• Secondary appraisal whether one has the resources available to cope
• Types of stress


  • Distress
  • Eustress
• Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome

  1. Alarm

  2. Resistance

  3. Exhaustion
• Stressors


  • Chronic
  • Acute
• Sapolsky → humans are at risk of stress due to never turning off that stress
• Immunosuppression


  Suppression of the body's immune system and its ability to fight infections and other diseases
• Ways of Coping


  • Problem Focused
  • Emotion Focused
• Problem Focused coping


  Identify the problem, consider solutions, weigh the cost and make decisions. Deals directly with the situation
• Emotion Focused coping


  Changes the way one thinks about situations
• Learned helplessness


  Powerless leads to giving up
• Coping approaches


  • Approach based
  • Avoidance based
• Approach based coping


  Takes action and confronts stress
• Avoidance based coping


  Disengagement and ignores stress