head

• cranium


  protects the brain and major sensory organs
• parietal bones (top of skull)
• frontal bone (forehead)
• temporal bones (side of skull)
• occipital bone (back of skull)
• sphenoid bone (behind nose, forms part of nasal cavity)
• ethmoid bone (between eyes, forms part of nasal cavity)
• maxillae (upper jaw)
• sphenoid bone (behind ethmoid bone, forms part of nasal cavity)
• Facial bones


  give shape to the face.
• facial bones consists of 14 bones

  • Maxilla (2)
  • Zygomatic (cheek) (2)
  • Inferior conchae (2)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (2)
  • Palatine (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Mandible (jaw) (1)
• THE NECK Composed of


  • Muscles

  • Ligaments

  • cervical vertebrae.
• muscle


  Sternocleidomastoid

  Trapezius muscles
• Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles


  two of the paired muscles that allow movement and provide support to the head and neck
• CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
• C1 through C7


  located in the posterior neck and support the cranium.
• c7


  easily be palpated when the neck is flexed
• c7


  a landmark will help you locate other vertebrae
• lymph nodes


  filter lymph, a clear substance composed mostly of excess tissue fluid.
• Lymph nodes produce


  lymphocytes

  antibodies
• lymphocytes and antibodies


  a defense against invasion by foreign substances, assisting with the body’s immunity
• head (inspection)


  Inspect for size, shape, and configuration
• head (normal)


  Symmetric, round, erect, and in midline and appropriately related to body size (normocephalic).
• head (DEVIATION)

  Microcephaly

  Acromegaly

  Paget Disease of the bone
• NORMOCEPHALIC

  Round and has a normal size of head circumference.

  Proportional to the body

  Frontal, parietal, and occipital prominences.
• Microcephaly


  congenital condition characterized by abnormally small head size due to incomplete brain development.
• Acromegaly


  Endocrine disorder resulting in excessive growth hormone production, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and facial features.
• Paget's Disease of Bone:


  Chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to pain, deformity, and increased fracture risk.
• Hydrocephalus:


  Build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, resulting in increased pressure and potentially damaging brain tissue.
• Bulging Bone


  non-specific term possibly indicating bone abnormalities or tumors, often requiring further evaluation for diagnosis and treatment.
• Inspect for involuntary movement (head)

  normal - Head should be held still and upright.
• Inspect for involuntary movement (head)DEVIATION- Neurological disorders can manifest as horizontal jerking movements.

  • Aortic insufficiency may present with involuntary nodding movements.
  • A tilted head might suggest unilateral vision or hearing loss, or sternomastoid muscle shortening.
• Inspect the face. Inspect for symmetry, features, movement, expression, and skin condition. (face)

  normal-face is symmetric with a round, oval, elongated, or square appearance. No abnormal movements noted.
• Inspect the face. Inspect for symmetry, features, movement, expression, and skin condition (face)

  deviation-Drooping, weakness, or paralysis on one side of the face may result from a stroke (cerebrovascular accident, CVA) and usually is seen with paralysis or weakness of other parts on that side of the body.
• Inspect the face. Inspect for symmetry, features, movement, expression, and skin condition. (face)

  deviation-Drooping, weakness, or paralysis on one side of the face may also result from a neurologic condition known as Bell palsy.
• Inspect the face. Inspect for symmetry, features, movement, expression, and skin condition.

  NORMAL - Symmetric facial features , Equally distributed eyebrow hair , Palpebral fissures are equal in size
• Inspect the face. Inspect for symmetry, features, movement, expression, and skin condition. (face)

  ABNORMAL - Asymmetric features, Exophthalmos, Moon Face Thinning of Eyebrows
• exophthalmos


  bulging eyes
• INSPECTING EYES FOR EDEMA AND HOLLOWNESS

  normal - Eyes are not sunken, No edema
• INSPECTING EYES FOR EDEMA AND HOLLOWNESS

  abnormal-Periorbital Edema, Sunken eyes, cheeks, and temples