Health

• Malaria

  1. Parasites injected into bloodstream by mosquitoes

  2. Parasites migrate to liver

  3. Parasites multiply

  4. Parasites break out in new form

  5. Parasites attack red blood cells
• Malaria infection


  Victim becomes seriously ill
• Malaria infection without treatment

  Can result quickly in death
• Malaria symptoms


  • Start after about a week to 10 days
  • Include fever, shaking, chills, sickness, vomiting and muscle pains
• Children under 5


  • Often worst affected because they have built up less resistance than adults
• Malaria recurrence


  People may often experience several bouts of illness
• Malaria illness


  Very serious economic effect on families
• Inability to work due to malaria

  Families may lose income
• Loss of family income due to malaria


  Families may not be able to afford to send their children to school
• Low family income due to malaria

  Malnutrition and hunger can also be a problem
• Farm workers too ill with malaria


  Crops may be left unharvested in the fields
• Frequent workforce illness due to malaria

  Low productivity in the whole economy
• Threat of malaria


  Few tourists want to visit the country, further hitting the country economically
• Spraying insecticides, such as Malathion in homes

  1. To kill the Anopheles mosquito

  2. To stop it passing on the disease
• Local community centres educate people

  About ways to prevent being bitten by mosquitoes
• Local Governments provide free insecticide treated bed nets


  To prevent people from being bitten at night
• Anti-Malarial drugs can be used

  1. To treat people who have the parasite in their blood

  2. e.g Chloroquine
• Communities are planting eucalyptus trees

  1. As they soak up large volumes of water

  2. This clears areas of still water used by mosquitoes to lay eggs
• Schools are educating children

  About how to protect themselves from being bitten by Anopheles mosquitoes
• Using bed nets at night

  1. To prevent being bitten

  2. This is a cheap and effective method
• A newly approved vaccine is now available

  1. To prevent children contracting the disease

  2. (Mosquirix)
• Areas of still stagnant water are being drained away

  To stop mosquitoes being able to lay their eggs
• Local communities are breeding larvae eating fish


  1. To keep in the local lakes/ ponds

  2. To eat the mosquitoes' eggs
• Mustard seeds can be spread on the surface of water


  1. This suffocates the mosquito larvae

  2. Causing them to die
• Male mosquitoes can be genetically engineered

  1. To make them infertile

  2. Lowing the numbers of mosquitoes
• Dams or reservoirs can be released more often

  1. To reduce the volume of still water in the area

  2. For mosquitoes to lay eggs
• Egg whites can be spread on small areas of stagnant water

  1. This suffocates the mosquito larvae

  2. Causing them to die
• Building dams or irrigation channels make stagnant water for mosquitoes to breed
• Migration from rural farmers brining the disease to cites that aren't already infected
• Not covering skin around dusk or dawn when mosquitoes are most active
• Sharing needles with a person already infected with malaria
• Wet and humid climate around 14-40 degree for example the amazon rainforest
• Living in areas close to vegetation where the mosquitoes like to breed
• The presence of the female anopheles mosquito pass the disease
• AIDS is a debilitating disease which means that eventually those infected will not be able to work
• Those infected with AIDS not being able to work

  Lowers productivity and hampers development of a country
• Lowered productivity and hampered development

  Leads to fewer jobs and less wealth in a country
• The death rate will increase and life expectancy decreases
• In areas where AIDS is endemic eg South Africa or Uganda, children may be left without parents and brought up by grandparents
• Entire middle-aged populations may be missing from societies in areas where AIDS is endemic