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• According to VSEPR, a covalent bond results when 2 conditions are met:

  1. an orbital of one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom.
  2. single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair
• T/F: The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. 


  True
• Atoms that move closer together begin to,

  interact
• When atoms are far apart they have,

  no interaction
• same amount of energy to form a bond, requires ___ of energy to break a bond

  same amount
• Sigma bonds are:

  2 s orbitals, 1 p & 1 s, 2 p orbitals
• As 2 atoms approach, the partially filled or empty valence atomic orbitals on the atoms would interact to form,

  molecular orbitals
• T/F: Molecular orbitals are more stable than separate atomic orbitals

  True
• When theinteracting atomic orbitals contain a total of TWO ELECTRONS, it is

  negative
• side-by-side bonding is,

  pi
• end-to-end bonding is,

  sigma
• 6 facts about hybrid orbitals:

  1. dont exist in isolated atoms
  2. have shapes and orientations that are very different compared to those in isolated atoms
  3. a set of hybrid orbtials is generated by combining atomic orbitals
  4. all orbitals in a set of hybrid orbitals are equivalent in shape and energy
  5. hybrid orbitals formed in a bonded atom depends on its electron geometry as predicted by the VSEPR thoery
  6. overlap to form sigma bonds, unhybridized orbitals overlap to form pi bonds
• mixing of the valence s orbital with 1 of the valence p orbtials to yield 2 equivalent sp hybrid orbitals

  sp
• mixing of 1 s orbital and 2 p orbitals to produce 3 identical hybrid orbitals.

  sp2
• The difference between the energy minimum & the energy of the two separated atoms

  bond energy
• a type of covalent bond that results from the side-by-side overlap of 2 p orbitals

  pi bonds
• no unpaired electrons

  diamagnetic
• one or more unpaired electron

  paramagnetic
• When ___ - ___ waves combine, constructive interference produces a wave with greater amplitude

  in phase
• when ___ - ___ - ___ waves combine, destructive interference produces a wave with less (or no) amplitude

  out of phase
• The two types of molecular orbitals are:

  anti-bonding orbitals (sigma s*) & bonding orbital (sigma s)