rizal

• Rizal's decision to study in Europe

  Without the knowledge of his parents and especially his beloved Leonor Rivera
• Rizal felt the sorrow of his brother Paciano

  After giving him 356 pesos
• Reasons Rizal was persuaded to pursue studies in Spain

  • Continue with his studies in medicine at a reputable school
  • Freely express his ideas there
• Rizal boarded the vessel SS Salvadora for Singapore


  May 3, 1882
• Rizal's journey from the Philippines to Spain

  1. Boarded SS Salvadora for Singapore

  2. Boarded French liner SS Djemnah

  3. Stopovers at Point Galle, Colombo, Aden, Suez Canal, Port Said, Naples, Marseilles

  4. Reached Spain in summertime
• Rizal did not like Barcelona at first but it did not last as the days went by
• Rizal left Barcelona and reached his final destination in Madrid


  Fall of 1882
• Universidad Complutense de Madrid


  • One of the oldest universities in the world
  • Located on a sprawling campus in the Ciudad Universitaria district of Madrid
  • Origins lie in the Middle Ages when King Sancho IV of Castile created the StudiumGenerale—General School of Study in Alcala in 1293
  • Converted into a full university in 1499 by Pope Alexander VI
  • Influenced by Renaissance thought and the ideals of Humanism
  • Focused on training lawyers and theologians to serve the Monarchy
• Queen Regent Maria Christina stopped the operation of the university in Alcala and ordered it be transferred to Madrid


  October 29, 1836
• Rizal enrolled in two courses - Medicine and Philosophy and Letters


  November 31, 1882
• Other things Rizal studied abroad

  • Painting
  • Sculpture
  • French
  • German
  • English
  • Shooting
  • Fencing
• Circulo Hispano-Filipino


  Small elite community in Madrid that Rizal met, mostly peninsulares, mestizos and a few indios
• The Circulo Hispano-Filipino failed after a few months due to lack of funds and division on matters of service to the Philippines</b>
• Rizal met the charming daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, Consuelo

  Rizal expressed fondness for her beauty by writing a poem
• Consuelo's diary entry about Rizal: '"On February 20, 1883: he hasn't said so, but pretty so nearly. He told me last night, he had an illness which could be cured only by travel… he said, he had an eye on somebody who was much too high for him, and, despite trying to win her as a pastime, had failed"'
• Rizal's speech at the banquet in Madrid in honor of Filipino painters Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo: '"I drink then to the health of our artists Luna and Hidalgo, legitimate and pure glories of two people! I drink to the health of the persons who have lent them a helping hand on the dolorous path of art. I drink to the health of the Filipino youth, sacred hope of my Native Land, that they may imitate such precious examples so that Mother Spain, solicitous and heedful of the welfare of her provinces, implements the reforms she has contemplated for a long time. The furrow is ready, and the ground is not sterile! And I drink finally for the happiness of the parents who, deprived of the tenderness of their children, from those distant regions follow them with moist eyes and palpitating hearts across seas and peace, sacrificing on the altar of the common welfare the sweet consolations that are so scarce in the twilight of life, precious and lonely winter flowers that sprout along the snow-white borders of the grave"'
• Rizal's speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal and was considered an attack that alarmed Spanish authorities in the Philippines
• Upon hearing Rizal's speech, the Mercado family was filled again with anxiety and warned Jose to be careful
• Masonry


  An essential part of the Reform Movement, initially anti-friar that led Filipino Propagandists to join
• The Filipino masons in Spain were the ones responsible for the organization of Masonic lodges in the Philippines
• Jose Rizal: '"I drink to the health of the Filipino youth, sacred hope of my Native Land, that they may imitate such precious examples so that Mother Spain, solicitous and heedful of the welfare of her provinces, implements the reforms she has contemplated for a long time. The furrow is ready, and the ground is not sterile! And I drink finally for the happiness of the parents who, deprived of the tenderness of their children, from those distant regions follow them with moist eyes and palpitating hearts across seas and peace, sacrificing on the altar of the common welfare the sweet consolations that are so scarce in the twilight of life, precious and lonely winter flowers that sprout along the snow-white borders of the grave"'
• This speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal and was considered an attack that alarmed Spanish authorities in the Philippines
• Upon hearing this, the Mercado family was filled again with anxiety and warned Jose to be careful
• Rizal always gave headaches to his parents
• Spoliarium was painted by Juan Luna
• Resurrección Hidalgo's Las Vírgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacio is from the book 100 Events that Shaped the Philippines
• Filipino masons in Spain

  Responsible for the organization of Masonic lodges in the Philippines
• Rizal's Masonic name


  Dimasalang (ungraspable)
• Masonry's outlook on life


  Knowledge must be achieved by the light of reason and the universal brotherhood of men
• Masonry's view on the church

  Promoted religious superstition and deception behind the veil of religion, only used religion to further their ends
• Freemasonry was outlawed by the church due to its radical perspectives, as it only led the faithful to commit sinful acts
• Masonry ridiculed not only the church but also the government policies that proposed tyranny and exploitation
• Masonry had reasons for its existence
• On June 12, 1884, Rizal completed his studies and was given the title of Licenciado en Medicina but did not practice it because he was not able to pay the diploma
• On his 24th birthday on June 20, 1985, he was able to pay the medical license with the money given to him by his brother Paciano
• Rizal obtained the degree of Licenciado en Filosofía y Letras which made him qualify as a professor in any Spanish university
• Rizal decided to pursue ophthalmology in Paris and Germany to cure his mother's eye ailment
• In November 1885, Rizal arrived in Paris and worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckertt
• Rizal evaluated his own performance saying, "With respect to the study of eye ailments, I am doing well. I know now how to perform all the operations. I only need to know what is going on inside the eye, which requires much practice."
• In Paris, Rizal visited his fellow reformists Juan Luna, Pardo de Tavera, and Felix Hidalgo who helped him improve his painting technique